Have Employment Relationships in the United States Become Less Stable?

There has been considerable debate as to whether job stability has declined in the United States. This paper uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine the incidence of labor market turnover between 1986 and 1993. Specifically, we calculate one- and two-year separation rates and then analyze turnover by the source of separation. We find that the incidence of job separations did not increase over the period under investigation, but appears to have declined somewhat. When analyzing separations by reason, conditional on separating from an employer, we find little evidence of temporal changes in the composition of turnover that would indicate greater employment instability. Therefore, we do not find conclusive evidence that employment relationships have become more unstable in the recent past.      

Gender differences in self‐employment

This paper examines the factors that influence transitions into self‐employment, paying particular attention to gender differences. We find that: (i) men are more responsive to the wage differential between wage/salaried employment and self‐employment; (ii) liquidity constraints are more important for men; and (iii) the link between father's self‐employment status and the probability of self‐employment is stronger for men. Taken together, these results suggest that, for women, self‐employment is a closer substitute for part‐time work and labour‐market inactivity than it is for men. We attribute such differences to the different labour market opportunities and occupational strategies of women.     

An efficiency analysis of Swedish employment offices

In this paper the method–production frontier analysis is used to analyse differences in efficiency between different Swedish Employment Offices. Earlier empirical labour market policy evaluation studies have utilised various measures that, however, do not take into consideration differences between organisation units. The main result of this investigation is that employment offices show major differences in the efficiency with which they carry out their job matching services.     

Does accessibility to local public employment agencies matter? Answers from a French quasi-experiment

We question whether accessibility to local public employment agencies impacts exits from unemployment. We deal with the potential endogeneity of the residential location of jobseekers by using the unanticipated creation of a new agency in the French region of Lyon as a quasi-natural experiment. We use exhaustive and geo-located individual data on jobseekers and local public employment agencies. Contrary to past evidence based on aggregated data, we find no evidence that jobseekers with improved accessibility to the local public employment services experience an improvement of their probability of exiting unemployment. We however find evidence of transitory organizational effects. These findings strongly question the costly strategy of a fine distribution of local public employment agencies across the territory while suggesting that institutional issues are key.     

就业体制改革不应忽视内部劳动力市场

本文吸收了西方劳动经济学和企业理论的新成果，论述了内部劳动力市场的基本原理，重新审视了我国以往的就业体制改革思路及其成本与收益．提出发展内部劳动力市场是当前深化我国就业体制改革亟待解决的一个重要问题，并阐述了若干具体的操作思路。     

做好毕业生就业工作的探索与实践

由于高校扩招,毕业生就业形势严峻。对毕业生就业工作要切实加强领导,做到思想认识到位,政策措 施到位,工作责任到位,人员经费到位,不断提高毕业生就业指导水平,提高毕业生就业率和就业质量。     

农民收入问题与乡镇企业的发展方向

先以时间序列考察农民收入变动和乡镇企业发展的关系，再通过乡镇企业技术构成和就业弹性指标分析指出近年来乡镇企业在促进农村劳动力转移，增加农民收入方面的．问题主要是资本密集型增长方式导致吸纳劳动力能力下降，最后提出乡镇企业发展的方向是以城镇化为依托，选择适宜的增长方式，进一步提高农民收入。     

知识员工雇佣管理模式研究--基于SHRM的分析

本文从战略人力资源管理的视角,综合运用知识资本理论和战略管理理论熏以知识员工异质性为研究的逻辑起点,根据知识员工所拥有知识的战略价值及企业专用性这两个维度,把知识员工分为先锋型、工兵型、卫士型和盟友型等四种类型,然后较深入地分析了各类知识员工的特点,并在此基础上提出了差异化雇佣管理模式。文章最后还就差异化雇佣管理所带来的问题进行了研究,一方面丰富了雇佣关系管理理论的内容,另一方面也为中国的知识型和高科技企业在实践中分层分类雇佣管理知识员工提供了理论依据。     

提高我国注册会计师审计独立性的对策探讨

注册会计师只有在审计过程中真正做到客观独立,才能保证审计信息的可信性,从而树立起职业声誉,体现其社会价值.提高我国注册会计师审计独立性应从完善注册会计师的委托聘约机制、明确注册会计师的法律责任、规范会计师事务所的组织形式、提高注册会计师的自身素质、健全注册会计师的外部监管机制、优化执业环境等方面入手.     

Analysing job creation effects of scaling up infrastructure spending in South Africa

In a first for South Africa, this article draws on literature on infrastructure productivity to model dynamic economy-wide employment impacts of infrastructure investment funded with different fiscal tools. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the South African investment plan is modelled, given the infrastructure externality. Alternative fiscal scenarios to finance the policy are modelled in the article. In the long run, unemployment decreases for all types of workers under one of the scenarios. In the short run, only elementary occupation workers benefit from a decrease in unemployment; for the rest, unemployment rises.