Hukou and Graduates’ Job Search in China*

This paper presents evidence that graduates from rural areas, classified as non‐urban Hukou, choose to invest in higher levels of job‐search effort (as measured by number of different search methods used and the number of employers contacted) and also set a lower reservation wage, reflected in acceptance of a lower starting salary, than do comparable graduates of urban Hukou, in China. The former also appear to have higher probabilities of being employed, in terms of both their higher probabilities of receiving offers and, more importantly, their higher probabilities of acceptance. The evidence thus suggests that graduates with non‐urban Hukou face more intense pressure to gain employment in the period leading up to graduation, than do their urban counterparts. More generally, the evidence suggests that effort invested in job search is rewarded in the graduate labor market in China.     

论浙江省实现充分就业的产业结构调整实证分析

就业结构是由产业结构决定的,产业结构的变化必然引起相应就业结构的变化。文章运用比较分析方法和回归分析方法分析了浙江省就业的产业结构的现状、演进以及产业结构与就业结构关联性,指出浙江产业结构调整应坚持的方向以及产业结构调整对就业的影响。     

The participation of Russian households in the informal economy: Evidence from the VTsIOM data

This study presents the size and structure of secondary employment in Russia, analyses the determinants of Russian informal secondary employment, and discusses differences between job qualifications in a main job and those in a secondary job. We estimate that 27 percent of Russia’s GDP was produced in the informal economy during 1997–98 and informal secondary employment amounts to about 20 percent of value added produced in the informal economy. We found that the probability of holding an informal secondary job as opposed to a formal one is positively associated with higher wage rates and lower education. However, there is little evidence that low income is correlated with holding an informal secondary job. We also found evidence that an informal secondary job requires lower job qualifications as compared to a formal one. Again, low income is not significant in determining differences between job qualifications in a main job and those in a secondary job. JEL classification: J22, J24, O17, P20.     

大学生就业的人力资源市场分析

大学生就业是当前社会关注的热点问题。为促进大学生就业,文章立足社会调查数据,采用描述性实证分析的方法,挖掘出大学生就业难的劳动力市场深层次原因,提出提高大学生人力资源配置和使用效率的路径选择。     

大学毕业生就业难的成因与对策

大学毕业生是国家宝贵的人才资源,他们能否顺利就业是关系到国家经济建设、社会稳定和人民群众的根本利益的重大问题,近年来大学生就业难的现状与对策问题,已引起社会的广泛关注。文章就现阶段大学毕业生就业难的问题进行分析探讨并提出了相应的对策。     

The Structured Interview: Reducing Biases Toward Job Applicants with Physical Disabilities

Research shows that the traditional job interview is a poor indication of a candidate's potential. However, when employers structure the interview process, they are more effective at predicting success, forming consistent evaluations, and reducing discrimination. The current study tested whether the structured interview also serves to reduce biases involved in interviewing applicants who have a physical disability. In the non-structured interview, results showed that there was a leniency bias, where raters evaluated disabled candidates more positively than equally qualified non-disabled candidates. Structured interviews reduced this effect. These findings add to the support for the structured interview as a way of increasing fairness in employee selection.     

Employer Recognition of Same-Sex Relationships in the United States: Legal and Economic Implications

Recognition of same-sex relationships is receiving increasing national attention in the United States. This paper discusses the current availability of employee rights in the United States on the basis of marital status to same-sex couples, and both the direct and indirect economic consequences to organizations of providing such rights. Despite legal recognition in some states and by many employers in the private sector, the availability of marital rights in the workplace for same-sex couples remains tenuous, at most. Although the direct economic consequences of same-sex relationships remain a matter of debate, the indirect economic advantages are several, including being an employer of choice and having a favorable reputation in the consumer, stockholder, and applicant marketplace. Employers should counterbalance indirect economic benefits with opposition to same-sex relationships, including product boycotts. The issue cannot be ignored from a legal or economic perspective.     

转变经济增长方式的理论与实践

科学发展要求一国经济要实现可持续发展,其数量表现为可持续增长。经济增长方式是指经济体增长的总体特征,表现为粗放和集约两种形式。无论从理论上说还是从历史逻辑角度看,经济增长方式总是不同程度地从粗放向集约转变。这是各种生产要素通过各种途径不断吸纳,从而提高了科技含量的结果。由于我国人口众多、人均资源少、技术水平相对落后等资源禀赋特点,造成按科学发展观进行经济增长方式由粗放向集约转变与就业的“两难”选择的矛盾。为解决此矛盾,必须实施一套以教育和公共事业为主的有利于人力、物力资源开发利用,改善社会经济环境的转变经济增长方式的策略。     

Mass tourism and the dilemmas of modernization in Pacific Island communities

This paper relates global discussions of tourism as a means of development to the history of cultural contacts in the Pacific. The paper reviews the relevance of the existing literature on social and cultural impacts of tourism to the Pacific and suggests implications for policy makers and community leaders. The existing literature is found to be methodologically suspect and does not provide helpful knowledge to policy-makers.