美国环境产权对我国的启示

环境产权是从制度角度界定自然环境和生态环境的权利束。包括物质经济、非物质经济和环境经济在内的"立体经济论"是其存在的理论基础。以环境产权促进环境经济,规制立体经济,美国很典型。美国环保体系的确立标志其环境产权体系形成,重视环境产权是其私有制、环境产权自身特点及经济运行的需要。中国经济发展应摒弃环境产权视角下产权学派的产权观。     

Revisiting the Miles and Snow strategic framework: uncovering interrelationships between strategic types,capabilities, environmental uncertainty,and firm performance

The Miles and Snow strategic type framework is re‐examined with respect to interrelationships with several theoretically relevant batteries of variables, including SBU strategic capabilities, environmental uncertainty, and performance. A newly developed constrained, multi‐objective, classification methodology is modified to empirically derive an alternative quantitative typology using survey data obtained from 709 firms in three countries (China, Japan, United States). We compare the Miles and Snow typology to the classification empirically derived utilizing this combinatorial optimization clustering procedure. With respect to both variable battery associations and objective statistical criteria, we show that the empirically derived solution clearly dominates the traditional P‐A‐D‐R typology of Miles and Snow. Implications and directions for future research are provided. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

再谈环境保护税设置——基于两类竞争制造企业环保技术创新策略的演化博弈

利用演化博弈模型分析处在竞争的两类制造企业(在位企业和进入企业)的环保技术创新策略问题,考量以环境保护税为主体的环保规制如何科学设置才能更好地促进制造业企业的环保创新.研究发现:创新效应和市场需求均影响企业创新策略演化的均衡结果,并在两阶段博弈分析的基础上,得出市场需求和创新效应共同作用下两类制造企业的生产策略选择方案.因此,环境保护税的改革与实施应注意掌握好时点,税率的设置应充分考虑不同行业环保创新效应和产品市场需求,进行区别化的、动态的税率设置,并加大其他税种对环境保护税的支持.     

Sociology,risk and the environment: a material-semiotic approach

Abstract

Sociology has made significant contributions to the conceptualisation of risk and critique of technical risk analysis. It has, however, unintentionally reinforced the division of labour between the natural/technical and social sciences in risk analysis. This paper argues that the problem with conceptualisations of risk is not a misplaced emphasis on calculation. Rather, it is that we have not adequately dealt with ontological distinctions implicit in both sociological and technical work on risk between material or objective risks and our socially mediated understandings and interpretations of those risks. While acknowledging that risks are simultaneously social and technical, sociologists have not, in practice, provided the conceptual and methodological tools to apprehend risk in a less dualistic manner. This limits our ability both to analyse actors and processes outside the social domain and to explore the recursive relationships between risk calculus, social action and the material outcomes of risk. In response, this paper develops a material-semiotic conceptualisation of risk and provides an assessment of its relevance to more sociologically informed risk governance. It introduces the ideas of co-constitution, emergent entities and enactment as instruments for reconciling the material and social worlds in a sociological study of risk. It further illustrates the application of a material-semiotic approach using these concepts in the nuclear industry. In deconstructing social–material dualisms in the sociology of risk, this paper argues that a material-semiotic conceptualisation of risk enables both technical and social perspectives on risk not only to coexist but to collaborate, widening the scope for interdisciplinary research.     

中国独立审计问题及对策

中国独立审计存在审计法律责任制度缺失、审计职业道德失范、审计风险意识缺乏、审计监督机制失效等问题。解决这些问题应重构独立审计的法律责任制度,增强审计人员的法律意识;构筑独立审计职业道德体系,加强审计职业道德教育;建立政府监管机制,重塑独立审计的良好形象;完善行业自我监管机制,规范独立审计的执业行为。     

论诉讼风险起点审计

风险导向审计能够揭示出重大错报从而防范会计报表风险,却不足以有效化解审计风险。文章采用演绎方法,分析基于重大错报的审计模式的缺陷,提出建立以诉讼风险为起点的新审计模式,并以此为基础将被审计单位的经营风险予以尽可能地揭示,从而有效化解会计师事务所的审计风险。     

广西生态旅游的现状、问题和对策

生态旅游是我国也是广西正兴起的一种旅游活动,它鲜明的特点决定了它在旅游业中的重要地位,然而在开发中存在诸多问题。需采取相应对策：增强旅游意识,建立法规、条例,先规划后开发,合理控制旅游活动量,加强管理力度,注重信息、掌握动态和适度开发,才能使广西的生态旅游有序快速发展     

从日本环境问题对策的变迁看我国的环境政策

环境问题可以区分为“公害型”环境问题与“扩展型”环境问题,文章在分析了日本在解决这些环境问题方面积累的经验和教训的同时,提出解决我国的环境问题,要完善我国的环境政策体系,加强环境执法检查和行政执法,建立绿色核算体系和制度,彻底确立“环境保护优先”的方针,大幅度地增加环境支出,提高公众的环保意识的对策建议。     

完善我国企业绿色监督体系的研究

为了实现循环经济,促进企业的可持续发展,加强环保监督显得尤为重要。目前我国环境保护现状十分严峻,在经济全球化过程中绿色贸易壁垒对绿色监督提出了新的挑战;虽然政府先后建立了三项环境经济政策,在学术界也形成与绿色监督相关的理论体系,但是绿色监督任务仍然任重道远。笔者提出通过建立并规范外部绿色监督体系,对企业进行强制、有效的环保监控,同时建立内部监督体系,使企业绿色监督由被动监督转变为主动监督。     

企业环境绩效与经济绩效的动态关系模型

企业环境绩效与经济绩效的关系是企业战略管理研究领域里一个比较新的研究对象。现有的研究除方法和数据方面的缺陷外,主要问题是理论模型的解释力不强。本文认为组织能力是企业环境绩效与经济绩效之间内在联系的纽带,一个基于企业组织能力的环境绩效评估体系能够对企业改善环境绩效产生持续的激励作用。据此提出“基于组织能力的企业环境绩效”的理论模型,旨在从环境管理能力建设的角度来讨论企业环境绩效评估的基础方法和原则。