煤电化企业内部环境成本的计量

煤电化企业环境成本是为了预防、恢复或补偿因其生产经营活动所产生或可能产生的环境损害而引起的资产流出或价值的消耗,对其计量就是对环境成本的确认结果予以量化的过程。环境成本的计量应遵循两个重要原则,通常采用三种计量方法:全额计量法;差额计量法;比例计量法。     

基于环境价值链的企业环境绩效审计指标体系研究

环境绩效审计作为一种监督和评价企业环境绩效状况的手段,其重点是如何构建一整套环境绩效评价指标体系。企业价值是通过从产品设计、制造、包装、运输、使用到报废处理等产品生命周期过程的一系列创造价值的经营活动实现的,这一过程的经营活动组成企业的环境价值链。对企业环境价值链的分析,有利于设计环境绩效评价指标,因而,以环境价值链为环境绩效审计的评价载体分析环境价值链每个环节的特点,构建环境绩效审计评价指标,能有效提高环境绩效审计的效率与效果。     

福建省农村土地流转与农民权利保护研究

《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》确定了集体建设用地、宅基地和农用地使用权流转的合法性[1],是农地制度创新的一种有效形式,但在农村土地流转中,存在着流转程序不规范、渠道不畅、农民的权益受损等诸多问题。本课题的研究主要从福建农村土地流转的时代背景出发,分析了土地流转过程中侵害农民权益的现象及原因,并就如何实现保障农民权利提出了相关的建议。     

Animal foods and climate change: shadowing eating practices

Animal farming exceeds all forms of transport in terms of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite the implications of the seriousness of addressing animal farming in relation to mitigating the effects of GHG emissions, to date, the relationship between consumer behaviour and climate change has tended to neglect the role of animal foods. This paper reports on a pilot study in which six UK households were ‘shadowed’ to facilitate the investigation of the relationship between animal food practices and environmental practices, as they emerge in day‐to‐day life. Results indicate that most participants make no connection between the two issues at present, in terms of awareness or practice. However, animal foods do have an ambiguous and complex status in most participants' food practices; for instance, being viewed as problematic for reasons of health or animal welfare. This finding suggests that further research is needed into the potential for raising awareness of the link between animal‐based foods and climate change. This might have a role to play in shifting food practices towards more plant‐based, less GHG intensive, foods.     

论我国公司治理的法律保障之不足及其完善

2006年修订的公司法,改善了我国公司法的治理结构,由于我国公司法实践起步较晚,公司法理论研究较薄弱,存在一些不足,导致国内股权激励有许多法律不完善之处,缺乏对股权激励方法的具体规定,限制了股权激励制度的发展。公司法的新的改革阶段又要开始,我们应在股权激励、累积投票、股东派生诉讼、法人人格否认、中小股东利益保护等相关制度方面进行思考,使我国公司法律制度更具可操作性,为促进公司制度发展提出建议。     

The evolving concepts of land administration in China: Cultivated land protection perspective

This paper presents a holistic method by integrating three concepts (land resources management, assets supervision and political governance for sustainability) for investigation of land administration in China, taking into consideration of cultivated land protection for a testimony with econometric method. Theoretically, in this self-organizing integrated method, land resources management focuses on the productivity of land; land assets supervision centralizes on the realization of land usufruct rights in land transference; land political governance for sustainability concentrates on harmonious linkage of economic efficiency, social stability and environmental safety of land use. Their interrelations are complex. Methodologically, the results indicate that the theoretical model is feasible to explain variations of cultivated land protection with these three concepts. Cultivated land decreases with increasing land value increment multiples, and is positive with political governance concept, but not in a linear fashion. Finally the results suggest that roles of government in land administration need to be changed and strengthened, supporting complete compensation for land expropriation and modification to policies of cultivated land.     

Weak Disposability in Nonparametric Production Analysis: Reply to Färe and Grosskopf

Färe and Grosskopf (this issue) claim that a single abatement factor suffices for modeling weak disposability in nonparametric production models, and that the Kuosmanen (2005) technology that uses multiple abatement factors is larger than necessary. This article demonstrates by a numerical example that a single abatement factor does not suffice to capture all feasible production plans, and that its use leads to the violation of convexity, one of the maintained assumptions of the model. We also prove that the Kuosmanen technology is the correct minimum extrapolation technology under the stated axioms.     

生态补偿与缓解贫困关系的研究进展

基于生态补偿项目社会公平性考虑和项目实施的客观扶贫效果,有关贫困参与者的研究成为近年来国外生态补偿研究中普遍关注的议题。本研究从生态补偿对贫困的生态环境服务提供者、购买者和未参与者的影响等3个方面回顾并分析了国内外生态补偿与缓解贫困研究的阶段成果,由此提出了中国生态补偿项目设计和实施过程中亟需改善的问题。     

Firm responses to secondary stakeholder action

In this paper, we explore the conditions under which secondary stakeholder groups are likely to elicit positive firm responses. To this end, we build upon and advance Mitchell, Agle, and Wood's (1997) stakeholder saliency and identification framework by defining saliency in terms of actions, not perceptions, and by proposing that power, legitimacy, and urgency arise out of the nature of stakeholder–request–firm triplets. To test this framework, we build a unique dataset of over 600 secondary stakeholder actions within the United States, all concerning environmental issues over the period 1971–2003. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“环保费改税”提高了重污染企业全要素生产率吗？

《环境保护税法》的实施为检验“环保费改税”的效果提供了准自然实验。以2015—2020年沪深A股重污染行业上市公司为样本,采用双重差分模型（DID）检验了“环保费改税”对重污染企业全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明：“环保费改税”显著提高了税费负担提标地区重污染企业的全要素生产率,整体上支持了“波特假说”;但是,税费负担提标地区重污染企业全要素生产率的提高并非源于“环保费改税”引发的创新补偿效应,而是源于“环保费改税”增加了资源配置效率。上述结果支持了“波特假说”有关“环境规制优化了资源配置效率进而提高企业生产率”的结论。进一步分析发现,“环保费改税”对税费负担提标地区重污染企业全要素生产率的提升效应在民营企业和研发投入强度大的企业中更显著。