基于时空路径的城市绿地享用公平性 研究——以成都市新、旧城区为例

从时空间行为视角切入，采用居民活动日志搜集成都市新、旧城区的绿地使用者时空路径数据集，辨识不同时间预算人群的潜在可用绿地分布及人群特征，并通过构建绿地时空享用量模型，从时空制约角度对成都市新、旧城区的绿地享用公平性展开分析。研究结果显示：1)成都市新、旧城区的绿地享用格局在辐射范围、享用强度和人群绿地享用时间预算方面具有时空间分异特征；2)日常出行链中固定性活动占比会对人群绿地享用时间预算产生影响；3)随个体时间预算不断被固定性活动所挤占，长距离通勤加班族、担负接送小孩上学的上班族等时间短缺型群体的绿地享用机会被深度制约，日益成为潜在的绿地享用弱势群体，在时间短缺型群体的潜在活动路径范围内增加绿地供给，有利于提高此类人群享用绿地的机会，从而提高片区的整体绿地享用公平性。     

Feminist Ecological Economics and Sustainability

Synopsis New developments in feminist ecological economics and ecofeminist economics are contributing to the search for theories and policy approaches to move economies toward sustainability. This paper summarizes work by ecofeminists and feminist ecological economists which is relevant to the sustainability challenge and its implications for the discipline of economics. Both democracy and lower material throughputs are generally seen as basic principles of economic sustainability. Feminist theorists and feminist ecological economists offer many important insights into the conundrum of how to make a democratic and equity-enhancing transition to an economy based on less material throughput. These flow from feminist research on unpaid work and caring labor, provisioning, development, valuation, social reproduction, non-monetized exchange relationships, local economies, redistribution, citizenship, equity-enhancing political institutions, and labor time, as well as creative modeling approaches and activism-based theorizing.      

The Economics and Bioeconomics of Folk and Scientific Classification

Synopsis This paper is the product of a collaboration between a biologist (Ghiselin 1997) who works on the philosophy of classification and an economist (Landa 1981, 1994) who works on the ‘Economics of Identity’: how and why people classify people based on identity in the context of a theory of ethnic trading networks. In developing the ‘bioeconomics’ (the synthesis of economics with biology) of classification, we crossed a number of disciplinary boundaries—anthropology, economics, sociology, biology, and cognitive psychology including evolutionary psychology’s ‘fast and frugal’ heuristics. Using a bioeconomics approach, we argue that folk classifications—the classifications used by ordinary persons—have much in common with scientific classifications: underlying both is the need for economy of information processing in the brain, for the efficient organization of knowledge, and for efficiency of information acquisition and transmission of information to others. Both evolve as a result of trial and error, but in science there is relatively more foresight, understanding, and planning.     

A cost analysis of SIR-Spheres yttrium-90 resin microspheres versus tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in France,Italy, Spain and the UK

Abstract

Background and aims: A wide range of treatment options are available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib and lenvatinib, immunotherapies, locoregional therapies such as selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) and treatments with curative intent such as resection, radiofrequency ablation and liver transplantation. Given the substantial economic burden associated with HCC treatment, the aim of the present analysis was to establish the cost of using SIRT with SIR-Spheres yttrium-90 (Y-90) resin microspheres versus TKIs from healthcare payer perspectives in France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: A cost model was developed to capture the costs of initial systemic treatment with sorafenib (95%) or lenvatinib (5%) versus SIRT in patients with HCC in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages B and C. A nested Markov model was utilized to model transitions between progression-free survival (PFS), progression and death, in addition to transitions between subsequent treatment lines. Cost and resource use data were identified from published sources in each of the four countries.

Results: Relative to TKIs, SIRT with SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres were found to be cost saving in all four country settings, with the additional costs of the microspheres and the SIRT procedure being more than offset by reductions in drug and drug administration costs, and treatment of adverse events. Across the four country settings, total cost savings with SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres fell within the range 5.4–24.9% and SIRT resulted in more patients ultimately receiving treatments with curative intent (4.6 vs. 1.4% of eligible patients).

Conclusion: SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres resulted in cost savings relative to TKIs in the treatment of unresectable HCC in all four country settings, while increasing the proportion of patients who become eligible for treatments with curative intent.     

英语成语和汉语成语的对应情况

本文主要从三个方面论述了英语成语和汉语成语的对应情况。帮助读者正确理解英语成语的含义及其与汉语的对应情况 ,以便我们在英语教学和学习中正确使用这类词。     

对当前国内经济学界几个争论问题的看法

市场取向是中国经济改革的方向,政府对经济实施调控是为弥补市场失灵而不是搞计划经济;假定人自私,绝非倡导人自私,从这一假设出发去进行市场经济的制度设计恰恰可以抑制或减少人的自利行为带给社会经济的危害;效率与公平不是一个层面的问题,效率是公平的基础,公平失衡不是效率之错;对于政府求公平来说,重点在于消除不公平而非设计公平,这是一个渐进的过程,不可能一蹴而就.     

融资制度变革的内在逻辑和次序安排

本文主要目的在于探讨我国当前金融制度的问题,并尝试探讨融资制度变迁的内在逻辑和次序安排,希望以此作为政策制定之参考。本文认为,国有经济改革、非公有经济发展以及农村经济发展等使国家改革现行融资制度的动力很足,但与此对应,各有关主体对改革现行融资制度的动力明显不足,提高融资制度效率的关键在于所有制和竞争力上。文章还在国有商业银行股份制改造、农村金融制度、非正规金融、监管和利率等方面提出了相应的建议。     

广州旅行社企业文化建设初探

分析了广州旅行社企业文化建设的现状和存在问题，并对影响广州旅行社文化内外部环境因素做了论述。指出影响和制约广州旅行社企业文化模式的要素主要来自4个方面：企业产权的特征、企业人员的个性和专业特点、企业的伦理道德、企业的组织结构。广州旅行社企业可根据各自不同的特点，运用上述4个基本要素有计划地、系统地构建广州旅行社企业文化体系。最后就如何搞好广州旅行社企业文化的建设提出建议。     

股权投资差额及后续追加投资差额的会计处理

股权投资差额是指长期股权投资采用权益法核算时,投资企业的初始投资成本与应享有被投资单位所有者权益份额之间的差额。企业采用权益法核算长期股权投资,初次投资时产生的股权投资差额进行了摊销或者计入了资本公积,后来企业又追加投资产生新的股权投资差额,应结合初次投资产生的股权投资差额一并考虑,分别按与初次投资时产生的股权投资差额方向相同与否进行处理。     

社会审计委托代理分析

本文分析了社会审计契约中委托代理关系及审计信息不对称表现及形成原因,通过建立社会审计的委托代理模型,揭示了在审计人和委托人均完全理性的假设下,委托人可以通过激励机制鼓励审计人尽最大努力完成工作。在此基础上分析了我国社会审计收费制度的不合理性、转轨经济环境下社会审计合约具有的不完全契约特性,并提出了改革的设想。