浅析环境贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策

环境贸易堡垒作为贸易保护主义的一种新形式应运而生,而且有愈演愈烈之势,它几乎波及到我国对外贸易的各个领域,影响了我国外贸的增长。本文首先阐述了环境贸易壁垒的涵义,其次分析了环境贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响,最后提出了相应的解决对策。     

中国和新加坡商品贸易实证研究

自中国和新加坡建交以来,伴随着两国经济增长,双边贸易有了较大的发展。中新双边贸易强度不断增强,但指数并不高,贸易合作前景广阔。相对而言,中国的比较优势指数不如新加坡,新加坡在双边贸易中略占优势。中新双边贸易主要以产业内贸易为主,这些产业内贸易主要集中在几个少数的产品;中新的产业内贸易并不是基于水平分工的产业内贸易,而是基于垂直分工的产业内贸易。     

贸易开放、外商直接投资与绿色全要素生产率

以2002—2016年我国30个省区市的数据为研究样本,基于SBM方向性距离函数的Malmquist-Luenberger指数方法测算绿色全要素生产率,选取固定效应模型实证分析贸易开放和FDI对绿色全要素生产率的影响,结果表明：贸易开放有利于促进技术进步,进而对我国绿色全要素生产率具有显著的促进作用,而FDI对我国绿色全要素生产率具有显著的抑制作用,验证了“污染避难所”假说,且这种影响存在一定的区域异质性,贸易开放对东部沿海地区绿色全要素生产率的促进作用更显著,而FDI对中西部内陆地区绿色全要素生产率的抑制作用更加明显;贸易开放与FDI的交互作用有利于绿色全要素生产率的提升,说明贸易开放和FDI的良性作用机制已形成;科技投入、物质资本水平和人力资本水平均有利于绿色全要素生产率的提升,但基础设施建设目前存在资源浪费和环境污染问题,对绿色全要素生产率具有抑制作用。     

论我国的碳排放权交易市场机制选择

全球变暖问题已经成为世界各国政府和人民关注的焦点之一,在此背景下,人们开始寻求环境保护与经济发展的共赢之路,如何发展低碳经济成为世界经济的新课题。现阶段,碳交易作为国际社会应对气候变暖的主要手段,在世界范围内的节能减排工作上取得了显著成效。本文旨在探讨构建适合我国国情与低碳经济发展的碳交易市场体系,在总体把握碳交易相关理论的基础上,借鉴国际碳排放权交易市场发展的先进经验,结合我国碳交易市场发展的基本现状,对我国建立碳排放权交易市场提出建议。     

International diffusion of embodied and disembodied technology: A network analysis approach

This study proposes a quantitative method for investigating the structure of international technology diffusion. By using network analysis, this study defines the structural configuration of each country within the international diffusion network by measuring its degree, closeness, and betweenness centralities. In addition, this study distinguishes between embodied technology diffusion, measured by multilateral trade, and disembodied technology diffusion, measured by patent citations, in individual countries. This study empirically tests a sample data set of international technology diffusion taken from 48 countries. The empirical results show that the structural configuration of countries exhibits similar patterns in both embodied and disembodied diffusion networks. Significant global stratification patterns exist in the capability of national international technology exportation and brokerage advantages. Moreover, this study distinguishes four blocks of countries that play different roles in international technology diffusion: the leading countries provide a source of technological knowledge; an intermediate group diffuses the knowledge acquired from the source; a third group is in the process of initiating the export of technological knowledge; and a final group of countries absorbs technological knowledge without reciprocal exportation. Finally, this study identifies two types of catch-up strategies that newly industrialized or developing countries can use to move up the international technology stratification.     

保税物流通关效率研究

研究目的是为了提升保税物流效率。希望能够影响或给政府部门一定的启示,深入全面评估目前的监管模式和运作流程是否可以更便利,考虑是否可以节省社会经营成本,使海关等口岸管理部门有限的资源能够最大限度地保证物流的畅通。通过全面分析保税物流的发展现状,对影响保税物流通关效率的常见问题及海关的管理模式进行研究,开拓通关改革的思路;紧密结合通关的实际,应用定量计算和定性分析,提出＂虚拟转关＂和＂免税进口设备电子账册管理＂等改革建议。并密切结合企业实际运作的现实背景和结合海关法律与政策,应用了一线实际基础数据,对大通关的概念做了一定的阐述,研究了加工贸易监管模式改革可能性,提出了＂大通关＂的企望要在两方面突破：解放思想,创新海关保税物流监管理念;全国海关一盘棋。     

美墨卡车跨境运输争端案及其启示

卡车跨境运输争端是美国与墨西哥在《北美自由贸易协定》下发生的涉及卡车跨境运输的服务贸易争端。该争端前后历时16年之久,全面展现了美国国内利益集团在对外贸易政策制定方面的影响力,更凸显了美国“实用主义”的国际法观及其对外贸易政策制定的国内政治博弈特点。而该争端的解决为世界各国如何在多边贸易体制中处理与贸易相关的社会问题提供了有益的借鉴。     

Trade liberalization, outsourcing, and the hold-up problem

This paper shows that, in a bilateral relationship where a foreign supplier has to make a relationship-specific investment but cannot enforce a complete contract, the standard hold-up problem of underinvestment is aggravated when trade incurs a tariff. In this context, we identify two new channels through which trade liberalization enhances international trade. First, lower tariffs increase the incentives of foreign suppliers to undertake cost-reducing investments. Second, lower tariffs may prompt vertical multinational integration. These indirect effects imply that responses of trade volumes to trade liberalization are greater than standard trade models suggest and help explain current trends toward foreign outsourcing and intra-firm trade.     

On accounting standards and fair valuation of life insurance and pension liabilities

The actuarial profession is increasingly teaming up with financial economists for a fruitful cooperation on the proper valuation of life insurance and pension (L&P) liabilities. This has been a natural consequence of a recent sharply increased focus on market values in financial reports of L&P companies from regulators, standard setters, the financial press, stakeholders, and others with an interest in the L&P business.

This article provides a financial economist's point of view on recent developments in relation to the fair valuation of L&P liabilities. The role of accounting standards and the background for the international harmonization in this field are first discussed. We then review and explain the concept of fair value and provide a general view on appropriate techniques for estimating fair values of L&P liabilities in accordance with the definition of the concept. The paper also contains a section which briefly reviews recent and quite innovative regulatory initiatives in relation to market value reporting in the Danish market for life and pension insurance.     

WTO成立后国际反倾销案件的国别与行业分析

WTO成立以后,传统贸易壁垒保护国内产业的作用进一步减弱,反倾销以其有效性和合法性成为各国频繁使用的贸易保护手段。通过考察1995—2006年国际反倾销数据,针对国别差异和所涉及行业,分析了国际反倾销的新趋势与特点,比较了发达国家和发展中国家反倾销特点的差异;此外,对东亚和我国所遭受的异乎寻常的反倾销给予重点关注,指出应对针对我国的国际反倾销将是我国对外贸易发展中的一个长期任务。