传统生育观的单系偏重探究

文化传统植根于民族深处,不易改变。我国传统社会的社会目标、社会结构和家庭结构具有其特殊性。重男轻女现象源自传统的社会生产方式,通过宗族社会体制强化,在孝的精神下神圣化和固化。当前单系偏重应从发展生产力、利益引导和可选择宗族体制重建三个方面加以解决。     

Childcare,Household Composition,Muslim Ethnicity,and Off-Farm Work in Rural China

ABSTRACT

This study explores how religious and ethnic norms and gender relations interact across the domestic and public spheres of work in rural China's minority-concentrated regions. It focuses on the roles that childcare and household composition play in the employment decisions of prime-age married individuals of Muslim and non-Muslim ethnicity. Using the 2012 China Household Ethnicity Survey (CHES), the study finds that children generally decrease women's likelihood of employment outside the home and increase men's. The gender gap in the probability of off-farm employment is larger for those of Muslim ethnicity. Non-Muslim parents of sons are more likely to migrate for employment than parents of daughters. The presence of women of grandparent age (46–70) universally facilitates labor migration. Men of grandparent age tend to increase only the probability that non-Muslim parents migrate for employment. Additional adult male household members reduce the likelihood that women of Muslim ethnicity have off-farm employment.     

Sibling gender and wage differences

Family influences on economic performance are investigated. In particular, sibship sex composition is related to hourly wages using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. The wages of men are increasing in the proportion of siblings who are brothers, but the wages of women are insensitive to sibling gender. Nonwage outcomes are generally unaffected. Contrasts by age structure and demographic group are also presented. The analysis addresses econometric challenges like the endogeneity of fertility and selection into the workforce. In addition, mechanisms such as labour market interactions, human capital investment and role model effects are documented. A questionnaire on job search indicates a same-gender bias in the use of brothers and sisters in obtaining employment. Developmental and psychological assessments suggest that brothers may be associated with worse childhood home environments and more traditional family attitudes among women. The findings are policy relevant and contribute to an understanding of gender differences and earnings inequality.     

The impact of more complex family structure upon marital earnings premiums

This article employs a unique data set from Trinidad and Tobago to examine the impact of their more complex family structures upon marital earnings premiums. While family structure includes the single married couple structure common in the US, families in Trinidad and Tobago often have more adults living in the household, multiple married couples living in the same family, and multigenerational families. Marital premiums for family members most likely to invest in labor market production are estimated to increase with more complex family structure. In contrast, estimated marital premiums for members most likely to invest in home production are decreased with more complex family structure. Results suggest that specialization within the larger family help explain the existence of marital premiums.     

以法治国与建立现代企业制度

本文首先分析了家族制企业的根源,紧接着进一步指出建立现代企业制度是家族制企业的必然趋势;随后以案例的形式,针对企业在微观上推行制度化管理所应遵循的原则进行了分析;最后针对我国正处于转轨时期,宏观层面上的政策、法规的设计至为重要.本文指出在宏观制度设计上,一定要适合中国目前的国情,尽可能地坚持以宽为政的方针.为此,作者还提出了十三条具体建议.     

家庭承包制下的农村投资低效率及其自救机制

自农村实行家庭承包制以来,家庭分工模式与季节性农业生产之间的冲突导致农民对机械总动力的过度投资及其低效率。对此,一种可行的自救机制是构筑基于专业化合作组织而非分散农户的新分工体系。但是,通过应用1952年～1956年的合作化数据发现,专业化合作组织的规模并不是越大越好,而是存在一个最优规模水平。     

基于经济伦理视角的和谐农村建设探讨

农村经济伦理缺失危及公平和社会公信度。运用经济伦理学的知识和研究方法,系统分析农村经济伦理缺失的各种现象并剖析农村伦理缺失的原因。提出应当加快农村人口城市化进程,建立符合市场经济体制的土地流转、征用体制,改变经济增长方式和加强环境治理,提高农村居民收入和增加农民话语权,发挥邮政绿色走廊传播科技知识、服务三农和倡导合理、健康、绿色消费观念的作用,助推和谐农村建设。     

基于信息经济的企业内部控制系统的重构

随着信息经济时代的到来,企业的内部控制环境将发生显著性的变化,传统的基于权力控制的内部控制框架必须向基于信息观的内部控制转变,内部控制应体现“双环学习”的要求,使组织具有学习型特征。同时,应把人的“伦理”精神注入企业的内部控制框架中,使企业具有自我更新,自我约束的机制。     

会计专业学生如何加强职业道德建设

会计专业的学生在毕业后,大多会从事自己所学的专业领域的工作,为了能使他们所学的知识和技能更好地适应未来工作岗位的需要,学校应该把职业道德教育与文化知识、专业技能的培训有机结合,作为一项系统工程常抓不懈.     

德日刑法中的遗弃犯罪及对我国刑法的启示——从一则案例谈起

我国刑法中的遗弃罪之本质在于对公民在家庭中受扶养权利的侵犯，行为人和被害人必须是同一家庭的成员。对于司法实践中发生的非家庭成员之间的严重遗弃行为因无明文规定而无法予以惩治，刑法法益保护之机能也就因此不能实现。有必要借鉴德日刑法相关立法，以完善我国刑法中关于遗弃罪的规定。