Bidding in real estate: A game theoretic approach

Taking advantage of recent developments in bargaining theory, we examine the bidding process for residential real estate. Within this game theoretic context, we consider whether the phenomenon of buyer's remorse is compatible with the rationality required of participants.     

Institutional ownership,capital structure,and firm performance

In most studies of ownership and firm performance, researchers have assumed different forms of ownership do not interact in their effect on firm strategy or performance. Focusing on the role of institutional owners, this study poses two related questions: (1) What are the relationships between outside institutional shareholdings, on the one hand, and a firm's capital structure and performance, on the other? and; (2) Does the size of stockholdings by corporate executives, family owners, and insider-institutions modify those relationships? The data, collected from 40 pairs of manufacturing firms selected from as many industries over a 3-year period, shows that the size of outside institutional stockholdings has a significant effect on the firm's capital structure. We have also found that family and inside institutional owners' shareholdings moderate the relationship between outside institutional shareholdings and capital structure. Likewise, corporate executives' shareholdings supplement the relationship between outside institutional shareholdings and firms' performance. These findings suggest that internal and external coalitions interact with each other to influence the firm's conduct.     

Location,governance, and strategic determinants of japanese manufacturing investment in the united states

A firm's decision to manufacture abroad depends on location, governance, and strategic factors. Governance factors are firm-specific. In spite of this, most empirical studies of foreign direct investment (FDI) have been conducted at the industry level (making it impossible to look at firm-specific determinants), and only a handful have considered governance, location, and strategic factors simultaneously. This paper is the first large sample study of the determinants of foreign direct investment at the product and firm-level. It examines the impact of location and governance factors, and of four types of strategic interactions, on a Japanese firm's propensity to manufacture in the U.S. The results support the view that foreign direct investment is explained by location, governance, and strategic variables. Economies of scale and trade barriers encourage Japanese FDI in the U.S. The larger a Japanese firm's R & D expenditures, the greater the probability it will manufacture in the U.S., but this is not the case for advertising expenditures. Some strategic factors are also important: Japanese firms with medium domestic market shares have the highest propensity to invest in the U.S. There is evidence of follow-the-leader behavior between firms of rival enterprise groups, but none of ‘exchange-of-threat’ between American and Japanese firms. Japanese investors are also attracted by concentrated and high-growth U.S. industries.     

On Forward Induction and Evolutionary and Strategic Stability

We analyze which normal form solution concepts capture the notion of forward induction, as defined by E. van Damme (1989, J. Econ. Theory48, 476-496) in the class of generic two player normal form games preceded by an outside option. We find that none of the known strategic stability concepts (including Mertens stable sets and hyperstable sets) capture this form of forward induction. On the other hand, we show that the evolutionary concept of EES set (J. Swinkels, 1992, J. Econ. Theory57, 306-332) is always consistent with forward induction. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C72.     

试述刘少奇对“人民内部矛盾理论”的探索过程

从民主革命时期、新民主主义社会向社会主义社会过渡时期、社会主义建设时期三个方面论述了刘少奇对人民内部矛盾理论的探索,指出它对四化建设有重要的指导意义。     

试论商王室宗庙对维护商王朝统治的作用

商王室宗庙是商王朝政治礼仪活动的中心,是商王“告庙”、“宗庙占卜”、“宗庙册命”以及用之作为子姓贵族参加王室祭礼以强化自己“宗子”身份的场所,是商王强化王与王朝统治的工具。商王室宗庙对巩固王权有着至关重要的作用。     

公司治理结构研究中的误区

国有公司治理结构不能用委托代理论分析,原因在于全民与国家之间的关系不是委托代理关系。国有公司治理结构中行政权力授予关系是基本的,市场合约关系是辅助的。产权决定论认定国有企业的改革只要进行产权制度改革就会搞好,论据并不充分。明晰界定产权是建立有效公司治理结构的前提和基础,但并不能自动带来企业的有效治理和高效率。国有企业只有从依赖政府转向市场竞争,不懈地追求管理控制,才能使企业组织发生变化,从而提高劳动生产率。     

西方经济学中的社会保障理论批判

西方社会保障理论是围绕效用价值论这个基础展开的,这导致了西方社会保障理论和政策的混乱。马克思主义社会保障理论建立在剩余价值理论和再生产理论的基础上,是科学合理的。西方社会保障理论的产生和发展,始终围绕着国家干预主义和经济自由主义两大思潮的兴衰而发展演变。马克思主义社会保障理论从维持社会再生产顺利进行和维护广大劳动人们利益的角度,始终强调国家在社会保障中的作用,反对社会保障的私有化。西方国家社会保障实践随着西方社会保障理论的发展而发展变化,而每次政策实践的较大变化又与理论的突破和创新密切相关。我国的社会保障理论,要在坚持马克思主义的基础上,根据时代需要实现全面创新。     

压力测试及其在金融机构风险管理中的运用

本文研究和评价了目前被国际大型金融机构积极采用的风险管理工具:压力测试。作者通过将压力测试与VaR作比较等方法详细阐述了压力测试的特征、使用方法和缺陷,并且进一步分析指出压力测试在金融机构风险管理中的作用及其最新发展状况和趋势,最后着重分析了压力测试在我国运用和发展的前景并提出建议。     

How manufacturers value purchase offerings: An exploratory study

The notion of value and the principles and methods that buyers use to discover which supplier offering has more value needs to drive all business marketing activity. However, the concept of value and how to measure it is somewhat vague. The authors present a simple way to think about value. The research reports an exploratory empirical study of how the valuation model fits the views of purchasing managers and how purchasing agents view value and use it to make decisions. In general, the model posited appears to fit the view of purchasing agents, however, there is some digression and further research is needed.