制度变迁、地方政府行为与城乡收入差距 ——来自中国省级面板数据的经验证据

本文采用1997-2009年面板数据的变截距及变系数模型,利用控制地区经济开放程度、产业结构变迁、城市化率等因素,对中国30个省市的制度变迁、地方政府支出决策与城乡收入差距之间的关系进行实证分析。结果显示：就全国而言,制度变迁、地方政府对经济活动的干预和地方政府投资性支出均与城乡收入差距呈正相关,而地方政府保障性支出则与城乡收入差距呈负相关;就地区而言,大部分地区在市场化过程中的制度变迁、地方政府投资性支出扩大了城乡收入差距,而半数以上的地区其政府支出规模及其内部保障性支出对城乡收入差距的缩小则有一定促进作用,但不同地区其影响呈现一定的差异性。其政策含义在于,我国在推进市场化进程的同时还要兼顾公平与效率,加强地方政府对收入不平等的调节作用,完善地方财政支出结构特别是社会保障体系,以此来缩小城乡收入差距。     

就业流动、市场分割与行业收入差距分析

本文从就业流动视角出发,运用劳动力市场分割理论的分析范式,考察了垄断行业和竞争行业间的收入差距问题.研究发现行业间存在非对称的就业流动,影响国有垄断行业就业流动的因素主要体现为体制性特征,且其与其他行业间的收入差距明显,表明该行业与其他部门存在明显的市场分割特征;而对于非国有垄断行业来说,非经济性因素对其影响非常有限,虽然该行业和竞争行业间仍存在工资差距,但并不足以证明其与竞争行业存在市场分割.竞争行业内部同样存在收入差距,影响国有部门和非国有部门间流动的因素体现出市场性和体制性混合但偏向市场竞争的特征,表明市场化的改革推动了竞争行业走向公平竞争,但是福利待遇等非工资性收入差距仍是改革的难点.     

Markups,Tobin's q,and the Increasing Capital Share

Increasing markups have recently gained prominence as a leading explanation for the increasing share of income going to capital since the 1980s. However, the existing analysis has been limited to the United States, covers only short periods, and generally does not control for potentially important confounders. Constructing data for the share of income going to capital and markups based on Tobin's q over the period 1870–2018 for 21 advanced countries, this research examines the ability of markups to explain the movements of income shares and the tendency for factor shares to converge toward constants in the long run. We find strong support for the markup hypothesis.     

政府行为对农民收入影响的分析

改革开放以来,农产品市场化的进程在逐渐加快,政府对农业的直接干预与改革前相比明显降低,但在所有影响农业发展、农民收入提高的诸因素中,作为政府行为主要体现的各类相关政策仍然居于核心位置.因此,要解决我国农民增收难题,应首先从政府行为的选择和演变中寻求有效对策.     

户主受教育程度对家庭风险性金融资产选择的影响研究

利用中国家庭金融调查数据（CHFS）,通过Probit和Tobit模型解释户主受教育程度对风险性金融资产选择的影响,并对内在传导机制进行中介效应、调节效应分析。结果显示：户主的受教育水平对风险性金融资产的参与度和持有比例有积极影响,地区、城乡间影响差异明显,风险态度和家庭收入对户主受教育程度影响金融资产选择存在中介和调节效应。研究结论对进一步优化家庭金融资产配置有一定启示意义。     

对财政收入高速增长的思考——比例、用途与平衡

我国财政收入近年来高速增长,政府在国民收入分配中的比例逐渐加大。这种变化趋势虽然在近期内为相关财税制度变革提供了条件,但某些公共产品供给的相对规模并没有随着财政收入的高速增长而有显著提高。在财政收入高速增长过程中,地方财政能力的改善以及财政支出结构的优化仍然是重要课题。同时,为了应对财政收入增长波动,应该建立并完善相关的预防措施。     

基于认识论的案例教学法——美国商学院的经验

案例教学是美国商学院重要的教学手段,以建构主义认识论为理论基础。本文以此认识论为基础,致力于探讨美国商学院案例教学中教师与学生的不同角色定位,倡导商学院教育应注重传授缄默知识,并具体分析了美国商学院案例教学对我国的借鉴意义。     

The optimal portfolio for the two-pillar mandatory pension system: the case of Poland

In the recent decade, there has been observed across the Central and Eastern European states the regulatory trend towards the increase of the non-financial (first) pension pillar size at the expense of the financial (second) pillar. It tends to question the consequences of this shift for the future retirement benefits. Applying the portfolio approach we address this issue by running a series of simulations to find out how to allocate pension contributions between both pillars in an optimal way. Our study contributes to the existing literature as follows. First, we do not perform the assessment of the predetermined regulatory solutions, but we look for an optimal one. Moreover, we allow our optimal rule to be time-varying, if necessary, which would be a true novelty in this research area. Second, we do not base our estimates on historical trends; rather, we apply the long-term economy’s projection to account for the society’s ageing impact, which is a crucially important factor for the solvency of the pension system. Adapting some of the simulation assumptions to fit the Polish case, our results confirm that current regulations underestimate the role of the capital pillar and the optimal allocation between both pillars should be time-varying.     

‘Whatever it takes’ and the role of Eurozone news

This letter shows that the ‘Whatever it takes’ speech by ECB President Draghi on 26 July 2012 and the ensuing installation of the Outright Monetary Transactions’ framework are associated with a reduction in the domestic and cross-border effect of Eurozone news on absolute yield changes in Eurozone sovereign debt. These results are consistent with the popular view that these actions helped to avoid a collapse of the Eurozone.     

我国收入分配差异预警分析

收入差距问题既是事关人民生活的问题,又是事关经济发展的问题,也是事关社会稳定的问题.为有效监控我国居民收入差距,为政府有效调整、控制差距提供科学依据,在划定收入分配差距"警戒线"的基础上我们构建了我国收入分配差异的预警体系,并根据构建的预警体系对改革开放以来的收入分配状况进行了预警分析.