Consumer motivation for the decision to boycott: The social dilemma

This study suggests a rational framework to explain consumers’ decision to boycott. We proposed an instrumental boycott framework based on rational response to the offending behaviour of a target company. The hypotheses embedded within the research model are empirically evaluated. The data were collected by questionnaire survey, and structural equation modelling was utilized for data analysis. The results show that social factors (message credibility, expected overall participation and perceived boycott effectiveness) generate motivations for consumers’ boycott decisions. In addition, it is identified that these factors increase consumers’ perceived likelihood of boycott success. Further, it is also found that consumers' perceived likelihood of boycott success positively affect their boycott decision via the possibility of changing a target company's offending behavior and unwillingness to purchase the target company's products. The results of this study explain consumers’ instrumental boycott decision‐making process in terms of social dilemma. Further, this study provides practical contributions for understanding consumers’ rational boycott behaviour. Specific implications for marketing managers and boycott organizations are outlined in the general discussion. Suggestions for future research are also presented in the conclusion.     

基于拉普拉斯先验算法的多维度频谱感知

全双工认知无线电LAT（Listen-and-Talk）模型能够在次用户传输数据的同时进行频谱感知,这要求感知用户能在次用户自干扰的影响下检测当前是否存在主用户。利用全局功率谱模型的方法实现了对当前用户的使用频段、发射功率和位置坐标的多维度感知,以此辨别该用户的身份。在求解数学模型时,选取了拉普拉斯近似函数用作未知参数的先验概率密度函数,与现有方法相比,提升了算法收敛速度,并获得了准确性更高的结果。     

Systems of technological innovation: a review of research activities taking the case of nanotechnology and India

Systems of innovation can play an important role in linking technological innovation to manufacturing and industrial competitiveness. This paper aims to understand the systems and actors from a perspective of cooperative strategies, taking the case of a key emerging industry – nanotechnology. Longitudinal trends in R&D output worldwide and in select large countries were analysed based on bibliometrics. S-curves were adapted to detect the transitions for select countries. Tech mining was used to identify patterns of cooperation among countries. Academic research emerged to be the strength of Asia and India, but major challenges remain on several other elements of the system of innovation.     

基于供给侧视角的产业价值链创新及有效供给研究

供给侧改革提出在适度扩大总需求的同时,着力加强供给侧结构性改革,提高供给体系的质量和效率。对产业价值链上的核心企业和合作企业的合作开展研究,认为核心企业在合作过程中不仅仅为了合作过程中一般的期望收益,更是从产业价值链提升、产业价值链价值实现等战略目标出发来获得份额保证,本文认为合作关系依赖于合作双方信任度,同时认为合作时间长短、创新保护、组织模式和能级差异等都是直接影响合作效率高低的因素。     

协同工作(CSCW)中的访问控制模型

计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)就是地域分散的一个群体借助计算机及其网络技术,共同协调与协作来完成一项任务。传统的访问控制不能很好地适用于CSCW系统,笔者对传统模型进行改进,提出了一个基于任务与角色的访问控制模型,并用实例对该模型进行了验证。     

农地股份合作制:农民增收的理想选择

农民增收的关键是农地制度改革。家庭承包经营制度是为了解决温饱问题而设计的,虽然产生了巨大绩效,但蕴含着的制度缺陷,目前已难以有效提高农民收入。农地股份合作制模式是继家庭联产承包责任制后的一次突破性重大改革,是增加农民收入的理想土地产权制度。     

Joint ventures as a means of assembling complementary inputs

In recent years, economists have devoted considerable attention to mechanisms through which firms can cooperate, particularly in the conduct of R&D. This literature had tended to focus on cooperation's effects inoutput markets. In contrast, the present analysis examines the effects of cooperation oninput markets. In particular, joint ventures are often said to be motivated by the desire to assemble complementary assets into a package needed to conduct a successful project. Some of the ways in which joint ventures may faciliate the acquisition of needed inputs are explored.This article was originally prepared for the Penn State International Symposium on Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances, April 6–8, 1992. I am grateful to the conference participants, to seminar participants at Duke University and Harvard Business School and to an anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions. I would also like to thank my colleague Benjamin Hermalin for his careful reading of an earlier draft and for many insightful discussions of the issues raised here. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. SES-9112076.     

合作竞争:中外银行新型伙伴关系的形成

互惠互利是中外资银行合作发展的根本原因。中外银行需要从排他性竞争走向合作竞争，建立全新的合作竞争的伙伴关系。文中引入合作竞争的理论，运用资源依赖性、博弈论和交易成本学的观点分析中外银行进行竞争合作的动因，提出通过竞争合作建立中外银行新型伙伴关系的具体策略，并对在伙伴关系过程中应注意的问题进行探讨。     

区域差异背景下农村信用合作社发展模式探讨

由于我国中西部地区与东部地区经济发展存在较大差异,所以不同地区的农村信用合作社发展模式在选择上必须因地制宜.在东部地区,农信社的改革应以市场导向为主;在中西部地区,农信社应定位于合作性金融.     

试析委婉语的语用动机

委婉语的语用动机十分复杂。语言使用者用委婉语进行交际时,为什么会采用间接的言语表达形式,为什么会破坏合作原则而遵守礼貌原则,这值得我们去研究和探索。