三级生物质供应链的奖惩与回馈契约协调研究

为了优化生物质能供应链,降低成本,在无扰动因素情况,需求不确定且与价格有关的条件下,研究了由能源公司、基地和农户组成的三级生物质供应链中,奖惩与回馈契约对供应链的协调问题,建立了满足渠道协调的条件和供应链内各级参与者实现互赢的数学模型,最后将其用于数值算例中验证。结果证明契约参数的合理选择可以实现供应链各方利益最大。     

论中国法治进程中农民的平等权及其保障

平等权是我国公民的一项基本权利。作为公民的农民,应享有与其他社会主体平等的权利,但目前我国农民的经济权、教育权及财产权等方面的权利仍然得不到平等和应有的保障。农民权利的法律保障是法治建设不可回避的问题,因此,我们必须立足我国的客观实际,构建农民权利法律保障制度,采取切实措施促进和保障农民的平等权利。     

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI): a challenge for science,and an opportunity for farmer empowerment towards sustainable agriculture

Increasing demand for cereals produced from limited natural resources stimulated the Green Revolution in grain crops like wheat and rice. But the gap between potential and actual production continues. Concerns about sustainability, and the social and technical shortcomings of the Green Revolution, have triggered a number of alternative crop production strategies. One, in particular, the so-called System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is attracting attention by governments, civil society organizations and farmers in Asia and elsewhere.     

Soil Fertility Management and Compost Use in Senegal's Peanut Basin

The Jóór (Dior) soils of Senegal's Peanut Basin are inherently low in organic matter, limiting yields of millet and other crops and threatening the food security of smallholders. Focus groups and interviews were conducted in eight villages to characterise the site-specific fertility management by farmers in the Peanut Basin. Results of the qualitative survey revealed that farmers base management decisions on a series of fertility indicators that include type, colour, and texture of soil, presence of vegetation, and productivity in previous years. In an effort to equalise fertility across the field, farmers amend areas they classify as less fertile with decomposed manure and household waste from the family sëntaare (traditional pile) orwith compost from managed piles. On-site measurements of soil in areas of fields amended with compost or sëntaare material revealed significant increases in peanut and millet growth over unamended areas, but little difference between the effects of compost and manure. Similarly, chemical analysis revealed increased effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and nutrient concentrations (K, Mg and Al) in soils amended with compost or manure. Similarities in the chemical characteristics of compost and sëntaare material suggest that development workers could emphasise improved pile management rather than promoting more labour-intensive composting.     

农村金融联结的风险评价——以山东省大村镇食用菌合作社为例

农村金融联结作为一种解决金融抑制问题的有效途径，已经得到理论证实和实践推广，但对其风险的认识尚处于空白。鉴于农村金融联结涉及多个经济主体的特征及相互利益关系，本文以联结的风险来源为基础，构建了农村金融联结风险的评价体系，对山东省大村镇食用菌合作社联结的风险进行了评价。研究认为，大村镇食用菌合作社农村金融联结风险较低，能够实现农村金融联结的目的。其中有利的自然、政策和产业等外部环境以及龙头企业与合作社形成的稳定联结关系有助于降低联结风险，而参与者间的利益冲突及自身能力约束增加了联结的风险。     

中国省际劳均收入的收敛研究——基于核密度函数和Markov随机过程理论的分析

采用核密度函数和Markov随机过程理论研究了我国省区劳均收入分布的动态演变和发展趋势。研究发现,改革前我国省区劳均收入为多峰分布,其遍历分布为偏向低收入的双峰分布;改革后,劳均收入分布经历了从多峰到单峰再到双峰的演变过程,其遍历分布为偏向高收入的双峰分布。从长期发展趋势看,改革后我国多数地区将会收敛于高收入区间。     

农民专业合作经济组织发展问题探析

发展农民专业合作经济组织是解决农民增收问题最有效的途径。本文在借鉴国内外农民合作经济组织发展情况的基础上,分析了目前影响我国农民专业合作经济组织存在的普遍问题,并有针对性地提出了建议和对策。     

浅谈特困职工医疗救助资金体系建设

自开展特困职工医疗救助工作以来,我市逐步构建起顺应特困职工需求的医疗救助资金保障体系。现结合医疗资金保障体系运行中的问题谈一些看法。     

A combination of differentiation and consolidation theory and risk-benefit analysis to examine decisions on mastitis prevention

Abstract

Mastitis infections cause severe pain in dairy cows and are the most costly illness to farmers. This study combined differentiation and consolidation (Diff-Con) theory with risk-benefit analysis to explore how risky decisions are perceived and justified after a decision has been taken. More specifically, using survey data from 428 Swedish dairy farmers, their decisions about adopting preventive measures to control mastitis (mastitis control options, MCO) in dairy herds were examined. The analyses included group comparisons with non-parametric rank tests and use of both ordinary least squared regression and seemingly unrelated regression analysis to examine how prior adoption of MCO affects farmers’ attitudes to the MCO. The results showed that MCOs already adopted were rated higher in perceived riskiness (if not implemented) and in expected benefit (for illness prevention) than non-adopted MCOs. Having made the decision to implement a strategy increased the likelihood of that decision being perceived as more beneficial (reducing mastitis) and risky (in terms of disease increase if not implemented), irrespective of the combination of strategies used on the farm, during the post-consolidation stage. No difference in perceived illness prevalence could explain the farmers’ rating of the MCOs. These findings suggest that there may be a path dependency in farmers’ decision-making with respect to MCO. This implies that novel MCOs may have difficulty in achieving wider implementation. These results have implications for the development of strategies to communicate best practices for use of MCOs and for new research on MCOs and farmers’ decision-making.     

The Socialist Legacy and Worker Perceptions of Transformation

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a study of worker attitudes from four post-socialist Polish enterprises towards aspects of enterprise transformation, namely organisational processes, working relationships and styles of management. We employ the concept of path dependence to identify structural, relational and attitudinal features of the socialist legacy at enterprise level. We argue that such an approach is valuable in identifying conceptual and practical problems of enterprise transformation in contrast to the determinism of neo-classical economic orthodoxy.