城市环卫工人的作业安全保障问题研究

环境卫生是公共环境保护和社会可持续发展的重要内容。环卫工人是城市环境卫生事业的主力军，环卫工人的作业安全是指环卫工人在作业过程中其人身、生命、健康、财产及心理等获得保障和免受伤害的状态与能力。它是环卫工人应该享有的基本权利。中国城市环卫工人作业安全保障状况不容乐观。作业安全难以保障，极大地影响了环卫工人的工作积极性，不利于城市环境卫生事业的持续发展。面对现状，采取对策，有利于保护环卫工人的基本权益，更有利于城市化进程和社会和谐发展。     

浙江省农民工市民化的社会保障问题研究

农民工社会保障问题迫切需要解决。社会保障制度完备与否直接关系到农民工市民化成功与否。本文以浙江为分析对象,剖析该省农民工在市民化进程中社会保障存在的问题,同时总结了相关影响因素。通过对比国内外成功与失败的经验,文章在最后提出针对性的建议。     

Integrating the disabled into the work force: A survey of fortune 500 company attitudes and practices

Full participation in the work force continues to be an elusive goal for disabled individuals. One common explanation for this state of affairs is that employers tend to have negative attitudes about what the handicapped have to offer as employees and what is required to integrate them into the work force. Unfortunately, relatively little recent data is available about such attitudes. Thus, a survey of Fortune 500 companies was conducted to examine employers' attitudes toward the disabled. Employers' hiring and accommodation practices were also examined. Results were encouraging for the handicapped in some areas (e.g., performance perceptions) and a cause for concern in others (e.g., the perceived cost of making workplace accommodations). Level of exposure to the handicapped was also related to attitudes and practices. Limitations, research directions, and implications for corporations are discussed.     

专业村形成历程及影响因素研究——以豫西南3个专业村为例

专业村发展对于大范围提高农户收入具有重要作用。通过对豫西南3个样本专业村121户专业农户的调查分析,发现专业村是在利用当地资源的基础上,在能人的带动下逐渐发展形成的,其发展历程服从\"S\"型曲线创新传播规律。其中,资源等地理环境因素起基础作用,初期接受者或能人在发展过程中起核心作用,政府行为可加快其发展过程,农户尤其是家庭中的\"顶梁柱\"的财商对农户专业项目的发展及其时间早晚具有重要影响,多数农户对专业项目的接受是通过模仿方式实现的。在农区发展中,可将建设专业村作为重要途径。     

Study on the Distibution of Migrant Workers＇ Destination -A Case Study of Henan Province

务工目的地选择是农民工空间流动的基础,对其研究有助于在微观层面上了解农民工流动的空间规律。通过对随机分层抽样产生的河南省11个不同类型样本村的实证研究,发现务工目的地大分散、小集中,县内和省外占较大优势。务工者主要集中于东部经济较为发达的省市,中部作为务工源并未形成最核心的务工区域。影响农民工务工距离选择的主要因素是年龄、家庭人口、人均耕地、村经济发展水平、村地形、村交通、离最近城市距离、关系网络等因子。从务工目的地角度观察,在省域尺度上,综合考虑务工目的地经济发展水平和务工距离的务工引力系数在较大程度上解释了农民工对务工目的地的选择,经济较发达、距离较近的目的地是务工者的首选。     

科技对农民增收贡献的实证研究——以苏州农村为例

本文首先应用苏州实际GNP、资本存量、劳动力的序列数据直观分析了农民收入的趋势和源泉．在此基础上应用C-D生产函数建立农民收入的计量经济学模型，并估计出各要素的边际产出弹性，随后进一步应用索洛余值法估计科技进步对农民收入增长的贡献．并对计量结果进行了简要的理论分析．并据此提出了相应的结论。     

A $15 U.S. Minimum Wage: How the Fast-Food Industry Could Adjust Without Shedding Jobs

We consider the extent to which U.S. fast-food businesses could adjust to an increase in the federal minimum wage from its current level of $7.25 an hour to $15 an hour without having to resort to reducing their workforce. We consider this issue through a set of simple illustrative exercises, whereby the US raises the federal minimum wage in two steps over four years, first to $10.50 within one year, then to $15 after three more years. We conclude that the fast-food industry could absorb the increase in its overall wage bill without resorting to cuts in their employment levels at any point over this four-year adjustment period. We find that the fast-food industry could fully absorb these wage bill increases through a combination of turnover reductions, trend increases in sales growth, and modest annual price increases over the four-year period. Working from the relevant existing literature, our results are based on a set of reasonable assumptions on fast-food turnover rates, the price elasticity of demand within the fast-food industry, and the industry’s underlying trend for sales growth. We also show that fast-food firms would not need to lower their average profit rate during this adjustment period.     

农民工医疗保障制度的路径选择探析

结合我国农民工特点和权利诉求、农民工医疗保障存在的难题,运用社会保障的基本理论,提出建立我国农民工医疗保障有效供给制度的路径选择,完善农民工特殊医疗保障项目和医疗救助体系;建立农民工医疗保障中间代理组织;加快农民工医疗保障与其他医疗保障制度的衔接,逐步向城乡居民统一提供公共卫生服务。