农民工市民化进程中的社会保障问题研究——以黑龙江省新生代农民工为例

黑龙江省新生代农民工社会保障存在的问题严重,主要表现为农民工参加社会保险比率较低,农民工劳动保障机制不健全。解决新生代农民工社会保障问题,应建立适合新生代农民工牧点的各项保险制度,积极发挥政府的主导作用,提高新生代农民工的整体素质,构建社会支持网络。     

外来务工人员就业流动性的影响因素分析——基于广州市外来务工人员的抽样调查

在我国城市化飞速发展的今天,外来务工人员在城市中就业岗位的不断流动已成为普遍现象。文章基于广州市这个珠三角典型城市的抽样调查,通过构建probit量模型,探求城市外来务工人员就业决策的影响因素,重,董分析个人因素、社会因素和企业因素等对外来务工人员就业偏好的具体影响。建议政府部门针对外来务工者的就业特征,制定促进就业的相应政策;而企业也应根据这种偏好,制定和完善相应的人力资源战略举措,促进企业持续健康发展。     

竹农技术创新参与意愿的博弈分析

在假定竹农、科研机构都是理性人的基础上,分析了竹农参与技术创新所带来的参与成本、参与收益,并引入概率,对参与决策进行了博弈分析。认为在市场机制的作用和政府的扶持下,当竹农或科研机构对自己的参与收益达到一定综合概率时,竹农或科研机构就愿意参与技术创新。     

林业职工自营经济金融支持问题研究——黑龙江伊春林区案例

当前,林业职工的自营经济是伊春市正在发展的一种经济形式。从伊春市发展林业职工自营经济中金融支持的现状出发,发现伊春市对林业职工自营经济的金融支持存在问题,为了增加就业、稳步推进林权制度改革以及经济与金融和谐发展,伊春市需要从构建和谐的金融生态环境、多层次的信用担保体系、各金融机构依据自身的比较优势来满足林业职工自营经济的融资需求。     

Stakeholder planning of the institutionalization of the volunteer farmer-trainer approach in dairy producer organizations in Kenya: key steps and supporting mechanisms*

The effectiveness of community-based extension approaches has been widely documented, however their sustainability remains weak. Institutionalization has been proposed as a way of achieving sustainability. This paper shares experiences of the learning and planning phase of the institutionalization of the volunteer farmer-trainer (VFT) approach in three dairy producer organizations (POs) in Kenya. The paper builds a detailed understanding of the key steps and social processes involved and the wider lessons that might be learned regarding institutionalization in the context of local institutions such POs. We draw on data from key informant interviews, focus groups discussions and workshops. The first phase of the process which spanned one year involved engagements with stakeholders at different levels; from VFTs, dairy cooperative management, government extension and local NGOs. The process involved awareness creation, joint learning at the individual, group and organization level, a strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analysis of producer organizations and identifying opportunities for harnessing resources for support functions. We highlight the important supporting social and institutional processes that are required for this to happen. These include getting acceptance and support from key stakeholders, developing a shared understanding, stakeholder ownership of the process, commitment from top leadership of POs and institutional structures to support the process. For the process to be actualized, we discuss mechanisms that need to be put in place.     

集体林区资源异质性农户林业生产行为动态特征及差异研究——以湖南省为例

分别以商品林农户、公益林农户和兼有林农户作为研究对象,采用描述性分析从林业生产过程和投入产出两个维度客观揭示3类农户林业生产行为动态特征及差异。打破将林区农户作为同质整体的传统假设进行研究的结果表明:商品林、公益林和兼有林农户林业生产行为整体趋势比较积极,但在造林、管护、采伐行为及林业投入产出等方面存在明显差异。因此,建议通过政策引导、市场调剂等方式形成商品林、公益林差异化经营优势,确保农户利益的同时,更好的贯彻森林分类经营管理理念,维护国家生态安全。     

Sustaining the Farming Household to Sustain the Farming

In the literature on sustainability of agriculture, both labourers and workers are conspicuously absent. Here, the sustainability of agriculture has been defined in terms of whether the farm household in question is able to yield an energy surplus when its members and the animals in its possession are obtaining an adequate ‘energy income’ or Calorie intake. To evaluate the sustainability of 590 farming households in the state of West Bengal, India, during 2004–5, four progressively stricter definitions of sustainability have been proposed, defined and applied. The method of energy balance analysis was followed. A negative surplus was found to be near‐universal across size‐groups in terms of the net area sown (NAS), the gross cultivated area (GCA) and agro‐climatic zones. The threshold output for a non‐negative surplus during the cultivating period was 700,000 megajoules (MJ); in terms of the GCA for a positive ‘full and final’ annual surplus, it was 3 hectares, and in NAS terms it was 2.5 hectares; against NAS per household size, it was 0.6 hectares, for ensuring a positive surplus beyond the annual sustainability. No evidence could be found in favour of household size as an explanation for the negative surplus.     

试论教育与我国农村绝对贫困的消除

分析了我国农村绝对贫困在教育方面的根源,即绝对贫困农民素质低下主要表现在科学文化素质较低和心理素质较差。并阐述了教育是提高贫困农民素质的根本途径,教育能提高农民的科学文化素质,能够促使农民心理素质提高,教育对提高贫困农民的收入有重大作用。进而提出了加强农民教育以消除农村绝对贫困的建议:普及基础教育、因地制宜地开办职业技术教育;建立和发展农村成人教育体系;强化农村成人科普教育的手段和内容。     

农村金融发展与农民收入的关系:山东例证

利用山东省1978～2006年的时间序列数据,对农村金融发展与农民收入的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,山东省农村金融发展与农民收入之间存在着稳定的协整关系,农村金融信贷促进了农民收入的增长,而农村储蓄对于农民收入的增加具有负效应。应采取增加农业贷款的支农力度,强化财政支农的力度,以及避免农村资金倒流等措施,促进农民收入的增加。     

农民工与城市可持续发展

当今的农民工与历史上的“流民”不可同日而语,他们已经成为产业工人的重要组成部分,其廉价劳动力大大提升了城市竞争力。然而,农民工在为城市发展带来机遇的同时,也使城市面临着资源整合、社会融合及管理调适等方面的挑战。为应对这些机遇与挑战,城市政府需要转变管理理念,完善有关法规,不断创新农民工管理体制。进一步提高公共服务能力。