中小企业财务管理创新之我见

面对经济全球化和中国加入世贸的新形势 ,中小企业财务管理创新滞后 ,已经严重影响了中小企业的快速、健康发展。本文阐述了中小企业财务管理方面存在的问题 ,剖析了这些问题产生的原因并在此基础上有针对性地提出了解决相应问题的对策。     

Managing and financing metropolitan public services in China: experience of the Pearl River Delta region

Under China’s current fiscal policies and inter-governmental relations, it is a significant challenge to finance and deliver public services across jurisdictions. This challenge was met in the Pearl River Delta region in southern China with a collaborative governance approach. Directives from higher-level governments and horizontal inter-city fiscal arrangements were successfully combined to deliver public services. Effective networks should be developed to improve co-ordination and collaboration in delivering cross-jurisdictional public services.     

DETERMINANTS OF INFLATION IN GHANA: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the factors accounting for inflation dynamics in Ghana using the bounds test and other econometric approaches. We find that real output, nominal exchange rate, broad money supply, nominal interest rate and fiscal deficit play a dominant role in the inflationary process in Ghana. To the extent that output growth by far has the strongest impact on inflation, targeting supply‐side constraints will help moderate price inflation. The paper concludes that inflation in Ghana is explained by a combination of structural and monetary factors consistent with prior studies.     

提升我国产业竞争力的财税政策选择

我国产业竞争力和产业发展具有一定的优势和机遇,同时也面临相当大的困境和挑战。财税政策在提升产业竞争力中具有极其重要的作用,提升我国产业竞争力,必须改革和完善有关的财税政策,促进我国产业经济的发展。     

Investment in private water development: Property rights and contractual opportunism during the California Gold Rush

This paper explores the development of water supplies by private ditch companies during the California Gold Rush. Using data taken from newspaper stories, mining camp by-laws, and state Supreme Court and district court cases, the paper documents the presence of institutional conditions that were unfavorable to support private water investments including property rights uncertainty, imperfect capital markets, and significant contractual enforcement costs that may have provided opportunities for contractual holdup by miners. Some evidence suggests that water development was likely discouraged to some extent. Nevertheless, the larger response was a major expansion in water supplies through an extensive ditch system, suggesting that there were factors that limited the ability of miners to capture rents, including various ditch company strategies to limit their exposure to opportunistic behavior and recognition by miners of their reliance on ditch companies.     

政府投资项目代建制的财政和财务管理工作探讨

代建制作为一种新的建设模式,克服了“投、建、管、用”四位一体的政府投资工程管理模式所带来的非专业化、低效率、低质量等弊端,通过专业化、集中化和市场化的管理,实现投资控制,保证质量和工期。但代建制是有相应的配套制度作保障的,如果制度不配套,依然会存在风险。在新的政府协调干预机制下———建筑工务局的成立,探讨如何搞好代建制的财政财务管理工作。     

区域经济协调发展与财税政策研究

区域发展不平衡是当前我国经济发展中遇到的最大问题,这与财税政策有着密切的关系。本文分析了我国财税政策在协调区域经济发展方面存在的问题,提出了规范转移支付制度、调整中央和地方共享税范围与比例、适时开征财产税以及改变现行税收优惠措施等一系列政策建议,以期为促进我国区域经济协调发展有所裨益。     

Wal-Mart’s Impact on Local Revenue and Expenditure Instruments in Ohio, 1988–2003

This research estimates fiscal impacts of Wal-Mart in Ohio from 1985 through 2003. Using a panel of counties, and accounting for spatial autocorrelation in an instrumental variable model I estimate impact of Wal-Mart and Super-Centers on selected revenues and transfer payments. Among the findings is that the presence of a Wal-Mart increases local commercial property tax assessments resulting in collection increases of between $350,000 and $1.3 million. There is also an 18–43% reduction in per capita EITC claims in a county. However, Medicaid expenditures experience growth which amount to roughly 16 additional cases attributable to a single Wal-Mart. The magnitude and statistical certainty of these findings, suggests that local fiscal intervention, either through incentives or a “Wal-Mart Tax” is unwarranted.

我国农业支持与农民收入和消费的再思考——基于整体性的多变量协整系统

把农民收入和消费及财政支农和农村金融置于一个框架下进行了考察。基于1978—2008年数据拟合的多变量协整模型较好地反映了我国农村经济的特点,结果表明,农业财政和金融在长期可显著提高农民收入,金融信贷在短期可有效扩大农民消费,并且农村金融体系较好地保证了内源融资的效率;消费方程反映出我国农民消费具有短视性特点,对同期收入过度敏感。     

地方政府规模影响因素实证分析

本文从公共服务需求角度出发,运用中国31省面板数据检验了地方政府规模的影响因素。研究发现：（1）我国地方政府规模发展趋势符合瓦格纳法则,同时满足对外经济的效率假说和补偿假说;（2）民族多元化对地方政府规模有显著的正向影响;（3）上期政府收入对政府支出有很大的正向影响,说明二者之间互为因果关系。