Preface

The paper examines the main issues surrounding distributional effects in the domains of natural resource management and land policies, agricultural technology and research policies, agricultural market and trade policies, and consumer‐oriented policies, including standards, subsidies, and labeling. Agriculture is drifting into an ever more drastic bifurcation at a global level and within many countries. Correcting that bifurcation will require large investments in rural areas and rural people, in institutions, and in information and biological technologies accessible by the poor in the world's smallholder sector. Large and growing national and international inequalities related to agriculture and rural areas threaten peace, growth, and sustainable development.     

Evaluating food hygiene inspection schemes: ‘Scores on Doors’ in the UK

Food hygiene inspection results previously kept confidential from the public may now be released, and this gives food authorities the opportunity to publish these ratings, known as ‘Scores on Doors’, allowing consumers to make informed decisions when deciding where they will eat. The UK's Food Standards Agency (FSA) is supporting trials of some of these schemes, which will involve more than 60 of the 400 local authorities, some of which have yet to launch their schemes. Other food authorities are running disclosure schemes independent of the FSA pilot scheme. The FSA has commissioned an evaluation of ‘Scores on Doors’ schemes to determine which is the most effective scheme with a view to launching a consistent nationwide scheme. A survey of ‘Scores on Doors’ schemes reveals many differences in the way they operate. This includes differences in the interpretation of scores, the extent of information that is disclosed, the communication channels used to disclose information, the amount of publicity provided for businesses and the public, the publicity given to the schemes by local media, and whether businesses are scored retrospectively or scored at inspection following the launch of the scheme. The implications of these variables for a comprehensive evaluation of the schemes are explored.     

食品安全智能化预警系统研究

食品安全涉及到人们的健康和生命安全,提前预警能将损失减少到最小。但是预警是很复杂的问题,如果预警不当会给社会造成不必要的麻烦。智能预警就是利用人工智能技术指导预警工作并获得优化的预警方案。在食品安全预警理论和智能方面的理论基础上,研究了科学的食品安全智能化预警系统。     

Exploring the Impact of Customer Satisfaction on Food Retailers' Evolution: Managerial Lessons From Austria

Many studies have shown that customer satisfaction affects customer behavior and loyalty. There are, however, relatively few studies that examine the impact of customer satisfaction on store repatronage behavior by store-type choice. This study examines why Austrian consumers choose a certain store type (i.e., supermarket or bakery) for purchases in a particular product category (i.e., baked goods). Moreover, it assesses the impact of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty (i.e., the repatronage intention). The study found that customers valued different attributes for each store type. It also suggested that customer satisfaction and customers' intention to recommend varied by store type. Additionally, the bakery customers' tendency to spend more is positively related to their satisfaction level. Managerial implications for both types of stores are provided.     

从餐饮业的顾客满意度影响因素看餐饮业的消费趋向和营销策略

针对消费者对餐饮业满意度的影响因素进行认知和感知2个方面展开调查。寻找哪些因素会影响顾客对餐饮企业的满意度以及消费者认知和感知的差异空间，从而分析餐饮业的发展趋势以及如何针对消费者制订切实可行的营销策略来提升顾客的满意度。     

The impacts of biofuels targets on land‐use change and food supply: A global CGE assessment

We analyze the long‐term impacts of large‐scale expansion of biofuels on land‐use change, food supply and prices, and the overall economy in various countries or regions using a multi‐country, multi‐sector global computable general equilibrium model augmented with an explicit land‐use module and detailed biofuel sectors. We find that an expansion of biofuel production to meet the existing or even higher targets in various countries would slightly reduce GDP at the global level but with mixed effects across countries or regions. Significant land re‐allocation would take place with notable decreases in forest and pasture lands in a few countries. The expansion of biofuels would cause a moderate decrease in world food supply and more significant decreases in developing countries like India and Sub‐Saharan Africa. Feedstock commodities (sugar, corn and oil seeds) would experience significant increases in their prices in 2020, but other price changes are small.     

对当前价格变动与通货膨胀压力增加的几点认识

近期,我国以肉、蛋为标志的部分消费品价格出现了上涨,但这并不标志着通货膨胀的出现。目前,我国确实存在着潜在的通货膨胀压力,但这有着更深层次的原因。文章以部分商品价格的变动为切入点,深入分析了当前我国宏观经济运行中存在的主要矛盾、问题及其对潜在通货膨胀压力形成的共同作用机理。最后,从理论上提出部分治理和解决当前主要矛盾和问题的思路。     

政府管制与房价持续上升

本文认为房价持续上升的原因是政府对房地产市场的资本进入限制。消费者对住房的需求旺盛。拉高了房价，房地产公司的利润丰厚。问题是房地产公司为什么能一直保持丰厚的利润？其原因就是政府对房地产市场的资本进入限制所造成的房地产市场的垄断。本文比较了都存在信息不对称性的家庭装修市场和房地产市场不同的市场结构，不同的发展结果。最终得出结论：只有房地产市场的激励竞争才能解决房价持续上涨的根本问题．所以在强化政府这只看得见的手的作用的同时，不要抑制了市场这只看不见的手的作用。     

构建我国粮食安全的配套保障机制

依据我国现阶段的经济发展水平,粮食安全应以“确保需要”为目标。解决我国粮食安全的核心问题,是建立适应市场经济要求、符合国际惯例的粮食安全保障机制。应从制定《粮食安全保障法》、完善粮食储备体系、实施农业支持政策、发展高效农业和建立市场调节机制入手,构建我国的粮食安全保障机制。     

论包装附加值与商品价格弹性

对商品包装的功能价值、包装附加值以及商品价格弹性进行了论述，分析了包装的功能价值对商品价格弹性的影响，发现包装的功能价值导致商品的价格弹性变化很大，包装附加值也因此经常波动。