The dynamics of parallel economies. Measuring the informal sector in Mexico

The existence of parallel economies that operate in the shadows of informality within most Latin American countries is widely recognized by the economic literature. However, its composition, size and effects on economic growth are still open questions. In this paper, we estimate the size and the evolution of the Mexican informal economy in the last three decades using a vector error correction model. In addition to the standard explanatory variables traditionally used in the currency demand approach, we include remittances given their relevance in the Mexican economic system. The results indicate that informality prior to the late 1980s accounted for at least two thirds of GDP, while stabilizing around one third of GDP in the last decade. Furthermore, our estimates provide evidence of a positive long-run relationship between informality and economic growth.     

“Opt out” or kept out? The effect of stigma,structure, selection,and sector on the labor force participation of married women in India

Using the 61st and 68th rounds of National Sample Survey data, we investigate the role of stigma, the economy’s structure, potential selection bias, and sectoral differences in explaining the low labor force participation (LFP) of middle and secondary educated women in India relative to low‐ and high‐educated women (the “U‐shape”). Estimating LFP regressions on a sample of prime‐aged married women, we show that, controlling for background characteristics, if a woman’s husband works in a white‐collar job in a region with a high share of blue‐collar jobs, she is less likely to participate in the labor market (stigma). We also find a positive effect of an increase in an index of white‐collar job growth (structure) on married women’s LFP. These effects are present in both rural and urban sectors but are strongest in the rural sector. However, middle and secondary educated women are still found to have substantially lower LFP than low‐ and graduate‐educated women in both sectors. Indeed, over time, the U‐shape persists in the rural sector and deepens in the urban sector. Because unobservables are quite large in the urban sector, we use the method of instrumental variables and find an increasing return at middle levels but stagnation at higher levels.     

辐照处理对食品真空包装材料主要性能的影响

本文通过实验,研究不同辐照加工剂量对不同类型真空包装材料稳定性的影响,确定辐照剂量与材料性能的关系,对确定合适的辐照包装材料具有重要的意义。     

基于RFID技术的电子商务物流体系研究

指出了基于RFID技术的电子商务物流体系的几大功能,论述了其体系结构及路线设计。     

关于江苏省食品安全追溯地方标准的研究

在食品追溯制度即将上升到国家法律层面的背景下,江苏省迫切需要建设本省自己的食品安全追溯系统。本文首先分析了江苏省的食品安全追溯的产业特点以及实际建设中遇到的问题,然后介绍了江苏省如何结合地方的产业特色来建设本省的食品安全追溯地方标准体系,最后就该标准体系中的主要标准所采用的技术方案做了介绍。     

食品中农药残留前处理及检测技术进展

由于农药残留引发的食品中毒事件时有发生,食品安全已受到人们的广泛关注和重视。因此加强对农药残留分析方法的研究和加大对农药残留的检测力度非常重要。本文对近年来食品中农药残留分析的样品处理和检测方法进行了较为全面的概述,并提出了农药残留分析的发展趋势。     

食品供应链运作分析

通过分析我国食品供应链现状和存在问题,提出了解决食品质量安全目前所面临问题的主要途径,包括疏通和完善整个供应链、规模经营、全民监督、全程监管和建立专业的物流公司和物流体系等。