Productivity spillovers through backward linkages: The role of the origin of investors and absorptive capacity of domestic firms

We argue that multinationals from different home countries have different technologies and input sourcing behavior. These differences impinge on potential productivity spillovers through backward linkages of multinationals and such effects also differ across host local firms depending on their absorptive capacity. Using a panel of Cameroonian manufacturing firms over the period 1993 to 2005, we find supportive evidence of these arguments. There is a negative relationship between the presence of American and European affiliates in downstream sectors and the productivity of Cameroonian firms in the supplying industries and a positive correlation in the case of Asian affiliates. The absorptive capacity of Cameroonian firms mainly explains these divergent results.     

The Effect of Foreign Entry Regulation on Downstream Productivity: Microeconomic Evidence from China*

We examine the cross‐industry influence of foreign entry regulation (based on a novel measure) on the productivity outcomes of downstream firms through input–output linkages in China. In contrast to the significant liberalization of the manufacturing sector, restrictions on the service sector remained stringent over the period 1997–2007. We find a powerful depressant effect of foreign entry barriers imposed on the upstream manufacturing and service industries on the productivity of downstream manufacturers, and this effect depends on a number of industry‐ and firm‐specific features. Our research calls for further investment liberalization (particularly in the service sector) in China.     

Economic liberalization and welfare in a model with an informal sector

The paper reexamines the conventional results relating to inflow of foreign capital, removal of protectionism and structural reform programmes, in a small open economy in terms of a two-sector general equilibrium model with an informal sector. The paper shows that in the presence of labour market distortion and a protectionist policy, inflow of foreign capital may be desirable irrespective of the pattern of trade of the economy due to its favourable impact on welfare. But the welfare implications of tariff reductions and/or structural adjustment programmes, such as deregulating the formal sector labour market, depend crucially on the economy's trade pattern. The paper provides an answer to the question as to whether in a developing economy labour market reform and tariff reform should go hand-in-hand or whether one should precede the other for welfare improvement.
JEL classification: F10, F13, F21, O17.     

智能化如何提高地区能源效率?——基于中国省级面板数据的实证检验

“十四五”规划指出,要深入实施智能制造和绿色制造工程,推动制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化,使能源资源配置更加合理、利用效率大幅提高。目前,中国制造业存在能耗高、污染严重等问题,在智能化发展迅猛的时代背景下,深入探究其对能源效率的影响机制,实现智能能源、智慧能源的目标,有着重要意义。本文采用2004-2016年中国省级平衡面板数据,使用静态和动态面板模型分析智能化对能源效率的影响,并研究技术创新、环境规制和外商直接投资的调节作用。得到的结论如下:(1)智能化促进能源效率,即增加绿色全要素能源效率、降低能源消耗;(2)随着技术创新水平提高,智能化对能源效率的提升作用加强;(3)环境规制加速智能化对能源效率的正向作用;(4)随着外商直接投资增加,智能化更加促进能源效率;(5)不同地区智能化对能源效率的作用不同,西部地区智能化的作用最弱,但调节作用最大。政府和企业要通过提高技术创新、完善环境规制和合理使用外商直接投资等方式来应用智能化技术,提高能源效率。     

全球视角的对外资产与负债——方法论的重新表述

文章推演了测算净国外资产的两种方法:资本项目直接法与经常项目间接法的原理.推演结果显示,在考虑市价变动因素的情况下,前者更准确.测算结果发现,我国从1996年开始有正的对外净资产,但要大大低于经常项目累计顺差或累计外汇储备.因此,不能只关注对外资产而忽视对外负债的增值.我国还存在着对外资产负债主体错配与货币错配.从国际比较看,也不能说我国已持有了过高的净国外资产.以全球视角看,穷国向富国输出资本的发展模式不可持续,也不应该持续.     

产业集聚对对外贸易的影响——基于江苏省电子产业的静动态分析

以江苏省电子产业集聚状况与对外贸易状况为例分析产业集聚对对外贸易的影响.结果表明,产业集聚可提升产业竞争力,促进对外贸易的发展;产业集聚与对外贸易的发展促进了区域经济的发展.     

中国工业行业对外贸易对环境的影响研究——以工业废水为例

中国污染较高的工业行业主要有造纸工业、纺织工业、化学工业等。出口产品污染含量较高的行业是纺织工业和化学工业,进口产品污染含量较高的行业是化学工业和造纸工业。通过环境效应指数的分析发现,近年来,纺织工业和金属制造工业等对外贸易增加了国内环境污染,造纸工业和化学工业等对外贸易则减少了国内环境污染。     

中国利用FDI地区差异因素分析

由于各地区利用外资的政策和环境条件的不同,造成了中国利用外商直接投资（FDI）主要集中在东部地区,而中西部地区相对较少的严重不均衡现象。通过地区差异的理论研究结果以及在中国外商直接投资的实际情况,来探讨影响外商直接投资在中国区位差异的主要因素。中国可以通过调整吸引外资政策,加强对中西部地区引资的政策支持力度,促进其完善基础设施建设和优化产业结构等政策措施,来改善中西部地区的投资环境,以促使FDI在东、中和西部地区协调发展。     

中国汽车产业的外向发展与节能减排

中国汽车产业的产销量一直呈现良好的上升趋势。但在金融危机下,受国内外环境和政策的影响,中国汽车产业产销量的增速有所放缓,汽车的价格受市场竞争程度和供求状况等因素的影响出现了波动。为了保证中国汽车产业的平衡发展,更好地实现可持续发展,需要加快汽车产业节能减排的步伐。     

The Latvian Road to the Euro

The article presents the situation in Latvia ahead of the country＇s adoption of the euro by offering an analysis of the extent to which the country is prepared for the move and of general economic difficulties as well as indicating possible threats to its future development. The article talks about difficulties caused by the great unemployment connected with the specific economy of the country, political problems of the post-socialistic multinational country and steps done towards the fulfilling of all the convergence criteria. Its aim is to present the moments around the change of the currency which is done by the material＇s analysis because there are not enough statistical data for the mathematical analysis. It can be concluded that the adoption of the euro will probably be beneficial in the long run for Latvia＇s economy. The conclusions may be done by comparison with the situation of Estonia and its foreign trade with Poland which is shown in the article because there are a lot of similarities between the two Baltic countries.