外汇储备规模分析及管理建议

随着我国外汇储备突破一万亿大关,关于储备是否适度的问题变得越发尖锐。本文着重分析了规模过大的外汇储备可能带来的负面问题,并提出了外汇使用和管理的合理路径。     

企业会计制度与涉外企业所得税政策差异分析

企业会计制度在收入、费用和损失的确认和计量方面的变化,使得会计制度与涉外企业所得税法在收益、费用和损失的确认和计量标准上产生较大差异,导致会计实务中,涉外企业计缴所得税时调整项目增多,难度加大。为避免涉外企业因会计制度与涉外税收政策之间的差异,影响企业所得税的计算,本文分别从收入、资产和费用三个方面进行了会计与涉外税收差异的比较分析。     

专业外语教学模式探析

专业外语教学不同于专门的基础外语教学和专业课教学．它要求教师必须将外语学习与专业学习结合起来开展教学．教学内容要具有广泛性和时效性，还要通过适时的外语讲解和多种形式的课堂实践增加实践教学内容．这样教师的专业外语教学水平才会得到提高。     

我国外汇储备适度储备量测算模式的选择

保持适度的外汇储备,对保持一国经济长远发展、汇率稳定意义重大。适度外汇储备量的确定方法有比例分析法、回归分析法和成本收益法等,根据对3种测算模式进行比较,利用阿格沃尔模型对我国的外汇储备量进行测算是符合客观经济条件的。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Andrei Schleifer, Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance Robert C. Feenstra, The Impact of International Trade on Wages Prema‐Chandra Athukorala and Chris Manning, Structural Change and International Migration in East Asia: Adjusting to Labour Scarcity     

Closure and divestiture by foreign entrants: the impact of entry and post‐entry strategies

We analyze the longevity of foreign entrants explicitly considering two possible ways of exit: firm closure and capital divestiture. We find that entry and post‐entry strategies affect the longevity of firms and of foreign equity holdings, but in different manners. While the ownership arrangements and organizational structure affect the likelihood of divestment, they exert no significant effect upon closure. The entry mode exerts opposite effects on the two modes of exit, greenfield entrants being more likely to shutdown, but less likely to be divested. Only human capital affects closure and divestment in the same manner. Firms with large endowments of human capital are less likely to exit, irrespective of the exit mode considered. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Managing foreign subsidiaries: agents of headquarters,or an interdependent network?

In this study, two different theoretical perspectives are used to develop sets of hypotheses regarding the mechanisms used to manage foreign subsidiaries of multinational corporations. First, agency theory serves as the basis for a model that predicts the use of monitoring mechanisms and incentive compensation. Then, it is argued that these mechanisms are insufficient for managing subsidiaries characterized by high levels of intra‐firm international interdependence, the management of which is critical to many of today's complex global firms. A second set of hypotheses is argued, linking international interdependence to several social control mechanisms. Primary and secondary data from U.S. based multinational corporations were used to test both sets of hypotheses. The results indicate that agency theory, although a useful foundation for studies of control within MNCs, is limited in its ability to explain fully the phenomenon of foreign subsidiary control, however, the model based on intra‐firm interdependence had much greater predictive ability. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Agglomeration economies,firm heterogeneity,and foreign direct investment in the United States

An overlooked aspect of agglomeration economies, which are positive externalities that stem from the geographic clustering of industry, is that firms contribute to the externality in addition to benefiting from the externality. This insight suggests that if firms are heterogeneous they will differ in the net benefits they receive from agglomerating. We argue that firms with the best technologies, human capital, training programs, suppliers, or distributors will gain little, yet competitively suffer when their technologies, employees, and access to supporting industries spill over to competitors. Therefore, these firms have little motivation to geographically cluster despite the existence of agglomeration economies. Conversely, firms with the weakest technologies, human capital, training programs, suppliers, or distributors have little to lose and a lot to gain; therefore, these firms are motivated to geographically cluster. As a result, when firms are heterogeneous we expect agglomeration to be characterized by adverse selection. We find supportive evidence of these arguments by examining the location choice and survival of foreign greenfield investments in U.S. manufacturing industries. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国对外直接投资发展阶段研究

随着我国国际竞争力的不断增强和"走出去"战略的逐步实施,我国已经成为世界上主要的对外直接投资来源地。本文运用最新的经济统计数据,对我国经济发展水平和对外直接投资之间的关系进行实证研究,以此分析判断我国对外直接投资所处的发展阶段和未来趋势。结果表明:一方面,我国的对外直接投资与邓宁的投资发展周期理论相吻合;另一方面,我国现阶段的对外直接投资实际情况与理论预期还存在一定的差距,对外直接投资的发展阶段滞后于经济发展水平。     

外贸经营权空置及浙江省民营企业出口方法的比较研究

浙江省民营企业外贸经营权空置现象十分普遍。本文通过对浙江省民营企业外贸经营方式(间接出口和直接出口)的比较分析,探讨了浙江省民营企业外贸经营权高空置率现象的成因,提出了浙江省民营企业合理选择外贸经营方式的建议。