基于主体功能定位的湖北省县域乡村性空间分异研究

[目的]确立与主体功能区定位相协调的乡村发展类型与乡村政策,是促进城乡融合、乡村振兴的重要措施。[方法]以湖北省县域为空间单元,构建乡村性评价指标体系,并基于三次产业的产值结构,划分县域的乡村发展类型。[结果](1)2016年湖北省县域乡村性指数相对较高,乡村性呈现出东低西高的空间分布格局。乡村发展类型可划分为农业主导型、工业主导型、商旅服务型和均衡发展型,分别占县域总数的25.29%、16.1%、10.71%和48.28%。(2)重点开发区的乡村类型以工业主导型和商旅服务型为主,乡村类型主要是城镇化和工业化带动,市场、资本推动力和农民的自主选择突出;农产品主产区和重点生态功能区的乡村类型均以农业主导型和均衡发展型为主,不同的是农产品主产区的农业自然和生产条件优越、农耕文化根植,农业政策扶植,乡村类型是由农业现代化和产业化推动;重点生态功能区乡村类型受资源环境约束、经济基础及行政干预的推动。[结论]三大主体功能区下的乡村类型及驱动机制存在差异,并提出不同乡村振兴发展的政策建议。     

基于金融功能范式的社会主义新农村金融体系建构研究

农村金融体系建构和改革是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容和重要保障。实践证明,以往以机构范式为指导的农村金融改革忽略了对农村金融体系功能的关注,往往是以牺牲效率或违背市场发展方向为代价的。与社会主义新农村建设相适应的农村金融体系建构和改革,以社会主义新农村的需求为依据,明确了农村金融体系的功能定位,并在此基础上确定了农村金融体系的机构构成和各自的职能分工,以期为我国深化农村金融改革提供新的思路和有效的路径。     

构建安定有序的和谐校园

构建和谐社会是国家富强、名族振兴、人民幸福的重要保证。构建安定有序的和谐校园是关系到师生的生命和财产,关系到教学秩序的稳定,关系到学校及社会稳定和谐的大事。     

Reconstructing Urban Politics with a Bourdieusian Framework: The Case of Local Low‐Income Housing Policy

This research aimed to reconstruct a local urban politics and develop a meso–micro‐level model of urban politics through a case study, drawing on a Bourdieusian relational framework. To this end, it investigated the case of local low‐income housing policy — inclusionary zoning — in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. It historicized the path of the local low‐income policy issue through document analysis and qualitative media content analysis. Through multiple analyses, the study revealed that urban politics consists of complex interlinkages among stakeholders with shared values or interests from different social domains, created in order to dominate the policy issue. The study further investigated, on the basis of Bourdieu's concepts of capital and habitus, what elicited different political strategies from key community leaders.     

维吾尔族民众信任的权威格局分析——以四个地区个案为基础的实证研究

权威格局是各种权威要素因地位差异构成的功能互补的社会秩序协调机制，对权威格局的研究是从合法性角度对社会政治稳定必须具备的民众基础的考量。调查结果显示：新疆社会政治稳定具备牢固的维吾尔族民众基础。维吾尔族民众信任的权威格局中。以领导干部为代表的法理型权威在个人和社会事务两个领域普遍受到信任，占据权威格局的主导地位，辅之以在社会事务方面越来越受到信任的知识能力型人才代表的新型权威。经济愈发达的地区，情况愈是如此。宗教人士所代表的传统权威能够发挥的作用主要局限在社会事务领域中的道德规范，在经济欠发达地区的作用相对更大。     

Resource connectivity for beneficial insects in landscapes dominated by monoculture tree crop plantations

Homogenization of agricultural landscapes affects ecological processes and biodiversity and can affect the community composition of ecosystem service providers. These effects can have particular impact in landscapes dominated by monocultures of pollinator-dependent tree crop plantations, which create both spatial and temporal homogeneity at the landscape scale. I looked for associations between the proportion of nearby unmanaged vegetation and potential wild pollinator groups collected within flowering almond orchards in two types of landscape. In the Complex landscape, characterized by a heterogeneous mosaic of multiple crops, semi-natural grassland and natural woodland, insect pollinator groups were not associated with unmanaged vegetation. In the Simple landscape, dominated by monoculture almond plantations, most pollinator groups showed positive relationships with the two unmanaged vegetation types (grassland and woodland). In particular, all wild bee and all but one hoverfly individual were found in remnant native vegetation patches within almond plantations, rather than within rows of almond trees. More research is necessary to identify how structural differences created in monoculture landscapes, between crops and the native vegetation they encroach on, influence ecological communities and the provision of ecosystem services.     

中国城市宏观级差地租的形成机制

城市宏观级差地租是我国特殊国情下的创新理论。先梳理了城市宏观级差地租理论的发展和最新成果,在前人研究的基础上,提出一些新的理论观点。之后对城市宏观级差地租的概念进行了新的诠释,然后重点论述了城市宏观级差地租的形成机制,并结合我国实际情况,分别从城市区位级差地租、城市规模级差地租和城市功能级差地租三方面进行深入分析和论述,阐明了城市宏观级差地租形成的原因。最后总结了我国城市宏观级差地租理论创新的意义,指出中央政府对宏观级差地租理论的运用是缩小我国区域经济差距一个新的政策思路。     

The use–make framework and the derivation of functional forms in production theory

The use–make framework is employed to explain functional forms in production theory, including Cobb–Douglas and Leontief. Productivity and efficiency are interrelated by augmenting the framework with a linear program that determines the frontier output.     

Subterranean Commodification: Informal Housing and the Legalization of Basement Suites in Vancouver from 1928 to 2009

This article draws on Margaret Radin's theorization of ‘contested commodities' to explore the process whereby informal housing becomes formalized while also being shaped by legal regulation. In seeking to move once‐informal housing into the domain of official legality, cities can seldom rely on a simple legal framework of private‐law principles of property and contract. Instead, they face complex trade‐offs between providing basic needs and affordability and meeting public‐law norms around living standards, traditional neighbourhood feel and the environment. This article highlights these issues through an examination of the uneven process of legal formalization of basement apartments in Vancouver, Canada. We chose a lengthy period—from 1928 to 2009—to explore how basement apartments became a vital source of housing often at odds with city planning that has long favoured a low‐density residential built form. We suggest that Radin's theoretical account makes it possible to link legalization and official market construction with two questions: whether to permit commodification and how to permit commodification. Real‐world commodification processes—including legal sanction—reflect hybridization, pragmatic decision making and regulatory compromise. The resolution of questions concerning how to legalize commodification are also intertwined with processes of market expansion.     

The political economy of wine: How terroir and intra-sector dynamics affect land use in Spain

This paper provides a constructive critique of Corrine Cash's paper “Good governance and strong political will: Are they enough for transformation?”, published in volume 58 of Land Use Policy in 2016. By focusing on how intra-sector dynamics influence land use policies in conflicts revolving around urban sprawl, this paper aims to complement and, to some extent, widen the analytic lens deployed by Cash. The examination of the Spanish wine sector and its lack of zoning policies confirms Cash's argument about the need to go beyond discourses of ‘good governance’ and ‘strong political will’ to understand the dynamics underpinning real spatial processes. However, this exploration underscores the need to add layers of complexity to land use analyses, showing the relevance of intra-sector conflict and logics. In complicating any simplistic reduction of urban sprawl conflicts to rural–urban oppositions, the paper ultimately calls for a more dynamic and multiscalar planning theory to address complex governance issues.