建设项目的价值工程与价值管理

"价值工程"和"价值管理"是两个在近代才刚刚出现学术性的词汇,价值工程最初被应用在美国的军事方面,价值管理最初被应用在建筑工程上。价值工程和价值管理采用管理学有关的原则和方法,提升产品价值的项目,进入21世纪以来,价值工程和价值管理越来越多的被引用在不同工业领域的建设项目之中。近年来中国的建设项目的发展越来越快,而且建设行业也成为了大众关注的焦点,中国的建设项目,无论在理论和实践上,与国外都有很大的差距,工程建设项目并不是一个简单的项目,我们需要做的是合理利用价值工程的建设项目价值管理服务。本文将介绍价值工程和价值管理的相关内容,以及其在我国建筑工程项目中的应用。     

CZ法单晶等径生长模糊控制系统设计

针对单晶等径生长过程中主要是对系统的温度和晶体测径环节的控制,介绍了一种基于模糊控制与PID算法的CZ法单晶等径生长控制系统。详细阐述系统的组成,重点介绍系统采用双闭环串级控制。最后通过仿真测试,结果表明,该系统具有对现场温度、单晶直径等参数的合理控制和调节功能,能够有效地改善系统控制性能。     

供应链中牛鞭效应成因分析及其应对措施

在供应链管理中,常有诸如供应缺乏、作业不均衡、成本过高等现象,引起这些问题的原因有许多,牛鞭效应则是原因之一。牛鞭效应会造成供应链上的信息失真,其危害是显而易见的。因此,如何正确认识牛鞭效应的产生原因并提出有效的对策就具有非常重要的意义。本文在揭示牛鞭效应产生原因的基础上,就如何最大限度的降低牛鞭效应的负面影响提出了具体措施,以此来保证整个供应链的正常运转。     

对萍乡市老年人家政服务商业模式的探讨

文章提出的价值链商业模式,既能通过会员制和增值服务锁定下游客户资源,又能通过公司化运作锁定上游家政服务员资源,还能通过收取客户的会员费、服务费和服务员的管理费来保证运营收入的稳步增长,理论上有可行性,具有一定的参考价值。虽然在实施过程中有一定困难,但是这种商业模式是否有真正存在价值还取决于能否经受起市场的考验。     

民办本科高校教育“双证书”模式的探讨

本文利用实证数据,通过因子分析方法确定了民办本科高校教育中实行"双证书"模式的影响因素,建立了民办本科高校教育中实行"双证书"模式的基础条件评价指标体系,采用网络层次分析法(ANP)确定了各项指标的权重。     

Cost-effective compensation to avoid carbon emissions from forest loss: An approach to consider price-quantity effects and risk-aversion

Analyses were carried out on financial compensation to avoid loss of tropical forests and related carbon (C) emissions when marginal financial yield declined for land-use options with extended areas, and when a risk-averting perspective (modeled according to financial theory around the capital asset pricing model) is assumed. The approach in this study was to consider natural forest, forest plantation, pasture, and cropland simultaneously to investigate how an optimized land-use distribution may reduce the amount of compensation necessary to avoid C emissions from forest loss.The financial compensations derived were as high as US$ 176 per hectare per year when comparing natural forests only with the most profitable alternative (croplands). However, compensation decreased to US$ 124 for risk-neutral decision-makers, who would strive for optimized land-use allocation, and to only US$ 47 per hectare per year for risk-avoiders, who would look to maximize the reward-to-variability ratio. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the compensation under risk-aversion increased much less than under risk-ignoring when increased productivity of agricultural land-use or growing demand for agricultural products was simulated. It was concluded that considering appropriate diversification strategies and the well documented human behavior to avoid risks is an important step in developing cost-effective compensation policies.     

An integrated decision-support approach in prioritizing risks of non-indigenous species in the face of high uncertainty

When evaluating the risks of future invasions, we often have sparse information on the likelihood that a species will arrive, establish and spread in a new environment, and on the potential impacts should this occur. Conventional risk assessment, therefore, is limited in providing guidance in managing the risk of non-indigenous species (NIS). However, risk management decisions must be made facing these uncertainties to avoid high and irreversible impacts.We develop an integrated ecological economic modeling and deliberative multi-criteria evaluation (DMCE) approach to support group decision-making in risk prioritization, using an example of ten NIS that could potentially impact Australian plant industries. This innovative approach seeks to combine the advantages of dynamic modeling with the benefits of DMCE in assessing and communicating uncertainty. The model unveils the complexity of the socio-ecological system of biological invasion, with a scenario analysis designed to interactively communicate scientific uncertainty to decision-makers. The DMCE provides a structured approach to identifying stakeholders' key concerns in addressing economic, social, and environmental dimensions of NIS risk explicitly. Functioning as a platform for risk communication, the DMCE also offers an opportunity for diverse views to enter the decision-making process and for the negotiation of consensus consensuses.     

改善民生是中国城乡统筹改革实践的原动力

民生是中国城乡统筹改革实践的原动力。改革起始期,是民生呼唤下的自发改革与政策调整;改革深入期,是民生推动下的体制转轨与制度创新;改革攻坚期,是民生引导下的统筹发展与新农村建设。30年农村改革历程,致使民生问题的不断解决与改革的渐进式节奏相互吻合,推动着"人本"式的农村改革健康有序地发展。     

民营企业产业集群升级策略研究——以晋江市六大产业集群为例

基于企业经营特征对晋江市六大民营企业产业集群的分析表明,按照波特的产业集群发展阶段理论,晋江市的食品、陶瓷、石材和玩具产业集群的发展仍处于要素驱动阶段,运动鞋和纺织服装产业集群的发展处于投资驱动阶段。缺乏依靠创新驱动的国际知名品牌的牵引和拉动,六大产业集群的主体功能只能是从事低附加值的生产制造。然而,实施以打造国际知名品牌为核心的产业集群升级策略,可以推动产业集群步入品牌和创新驱动阶段,进入全球价值链分工体系的高附加值环节,成为国际性领导型产业集群。     

全球流动空间中的当代世界城市网络理论研究

代世界城市网络的发展是建立在对世界城市、世界城市等级体系和全球城市等相关理论的批判基础上的,其理论发展以城市间关系的研究为重点,突破了传统世界城市研究中实证数据的局限,打破了等级观念在城市间关系研究中的垄断地位,凸显了城市间建立联系并互动合作的重要性。当代世界城市网络理论适应全球化经济时代城市间关系演变的需求,以关系视角替代结构视角推动理论研究范式的转型,以“流动空间”替代“地方空间”作为相关研究的理论基础,以“中心流动理论”替代“中心地方理论”来解释世界城市网络的形成机制,推动了本研究领域的理论创新。基于上述对当代世界城市网络理论的梳理,认为我国的相关领域研究可以从城市间关系的转变、城市研究视角的转变、城市策略的转变和城市职能的转变等方面取得借鉴和启示。