海水养殖业环境负外部性经济学初析

我国是世界第一海水养殖大国，海水养殖业近几年来得到了迅猛的发展，但同时也严重地影响了周围的海洋环境。本文在简要介绍传统经济学外部性理论的基础上，分析了海水养殖业的环境负外部性的表现及其环境负外部性引起资源配置经济的低效率，初步探讨了解决或减少其负外部性的对策和思路。     

水资源的两性分析与缓解两性的相关对策

针对我国日益严峻的水资源形势,用经济学理论和方法分析水资源的稀缺性和外部性,并根据科斯第三定理,提出明晰水权、建立水市场等缓解水资源稀缺性和外部性的对策。     

耕地保护的外部性分析

耕地不只是给农民带来经济收益，更重要的是为全社会的稳定及生态环境带来了巨大的效益，耕地这种强烈的外部性客观上要求耕地保护不仅仅是农民的责任，更应是全社会的共同责任。本文在深入分析耕地保护外部性表现的基础上，根据耕地保护外部性内部化的要求，提出了我国耕地保护的基本思路。     

Ecosystem impacts of pesticide reductions through Bt cotton adoption

This article examines the ecosystem impacts of transgenic Bt cotton technology resulting from reduced chemical pesticide use. Employing unique panel data from smallholder farmers in India, negative environmental and health effects of pesticide use are quantified with the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), with and without Bt technology. An environmentally sensitive dynamic production function is estimated, treating the environmental risk of pesticide toxicity as an undesirable output in the production process. Negative externalities are significantly lower in Bt than in conventional cotton. The reduction in EIQ through Bt technology adoption has increased from 39 per cent during 2002–2004 to 68 per cent during 2006–2008. Bt adoption has also contributed to higher environmental efficiency. Environmental efficiency is influenced by the quality of Bt technology: high‐quality Bt seeds are associated with higher environmental efficiency than lower‐quality seeds.     

农地城市流转优化决策分析

农地大量向城市流转，部分源于现行农地城市流转的决策具有其片面性。本文从土地可持续利用的角度，通过对农地城市流转中往往被人忽视的选择价值及外部性的分析，提出优化的农地城市流转决策。     

Empirics of the median voter hypothesis in Japan

This paper empirically analyses for the first time the median voter hypothesis in Japan as a means of investigating whether or not Japanese prefectural finance reflects the preference of the median voter. The hypothesis is tested by estimating the demand functions of local public goods in each prefecture. As official data on the income of the median voter is unavailable in Japan, respective prefectural data is constructed using official data on income distribution and taxation. Reasonable intuitive interpretation of results indicates that the median voter hypothesis is supported in prefectural finances, and that voter preference affects the outcome of gubernatorial elections, i.e., a governor's reelection probability, by estimating a probit model. When considering the centralized prefectural government system in Japan, these results indicate that central government management of prefectural expenditures via inter-regional grants ultimately reflects jurisdictional median voter preference. First version received: December 1997/Final version received: February 1999     

贸易自由化是如何影响我国出口产品质量的？*--基于贸易政策不确定性下降的视角

传统理论认为贸易自由化会促进出口产品的质量升级,但我国加入W TO后的情况却并非如此。文章基于贸易政策不确定性的视角,利用我国加入W TO前后美国对我国产品进行关税调整这一自然实验,通过倍差法分析了贸易自由化对我国出口产品质量的影响。研究表明：（1）在贸易自由化的过程中,贸易政策不确定性的下降会拉低我国的出口产品质量,且这一结论在改变质量测度方法、控制成本效应以及使用不同的产品属性、贸易对象和样本的情况下依然稳健;（2）贸易政策不确定性主要是通过广延边际上的质量调整降低了我国出口产品的总体质量,即在贸易政策不确定性下降幅度越大的产品中,有越多的生产低质量产品的企业进入出口市场;（3）在集约边际上,存续企业并未针对贸易政策不确定性的下降做出及时的产品质量调整,从而无法改变我国的产品质量在短期内下降的趋势。文章为我国如何在推行贸易自由化的同时实现出口产品质量升级提供了启示。     

中国创意产品及创意相关产品的国际竞争力研究——基于RCA指数和TC指数的实证分析

根据联合国贸易和发展会议创意经济数据库2002-2010年的数据,分析了我国创意产品及创意相关产品的进出口额、国际市场份额及主要贸易伙伴,并对我国创意产品及创意相关产品的RCA指数和TC指数进行定量研究,发现我国创意产品及创意相关产品的国际贸易竞争力总体较强,但存在着出口市场过于集中、贸易结构较为单一和文化科技含量低、核心竞争力不足的缺陷,认为通过解放思想、创造宽容的文化氛围和创意环境,充分利用和开发我国丰富的历史文化资源、积极开展对外文化交流和不断开拓新的国际市场将有助于提高我国创意产业的发展以及创意产品和创意相关产品的国际竞争力.     

A note on Heckman-type corrections in models for zero expenditures

In Heien and Wessells (1990), a two-step estimation procedure, that makes use of Heckman-type corrections, is proposed to estimate consumption on household budget surveys. It is shown that this approach, which draws from switching regressions models, leads to inconsistent estimates.     

Motivation for bilateral aid allocation: Altruism or trade benefits

This paper argues that OECD countries allocate more aid to recipient nations who import goods in which donor nations have a comparative advantage in production. The estimates indicate that a substantially larger amount of aid is provided to recipients who import capital goods, while imports by other category groups have no significant effects. Given that developed donor nations are major producers and exporters of capital goods, this result at least partially supports their trade benefits motive. Donors also appear to be more concerned about alleviating physical miseries (infant mortality) and rewarding good human rights conditions, but less towards reducing economic hardships (poverty). Moreover, the usual political and strategic considerations of donors continue to be the major determinants of aid allocation even in the Post Cold War era.