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121.
Developing and applying a framework to evaluate participatory research for sustainability 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The normative implications of participatory research imply ongoing social learning that ought to lead to personal and institutional transformation. Sustainability science also requires reflexive scientific practice in order to enable the co-generation of solutions that take account of uncertainty and multiple forms of knowledge. However, there is little published peer-reviewed material on how to assess to what degree the rhetoric regarding the benefits of participatory research are achieved in practice, particularly with regard to participatory research for sustainability. This paper outlines how linking the rationales for participatory research and for sustainability science to the principles of evaluation can deliver a conceptually coherent evaluation framework for assessment. The approach for evaluating participatory research in this context consists of framing the evaluation, i.e., setting boundaries on the subject within its social, political, environmental and institutional context and selecting appropriate criteria, methods and data sources. The application of the framework, using a summative evaluation of participatory research for sustainability in north-east Australia, illustrates its strengths and weaknesses, concluding with a consideration of its applicability to further participatory sustainability science. 相似文献
122.
Peter J. Boettke Christopher J. Coyne Peter T. Leeson Frederic Sautet 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2005,18(3-4):281-304
With the collapse of communism in the late 1980s the field of comparative political economy has undergone major revision. Socialism is no longer considered the viable alternative to capitalism it once was. We now recognize that the choice is between alternative institutional arrangements of capitalism. Progress in the field of comparative political economy is achieved by examining how different legal, political and social institutions shape economic behavior and impact economic performance. In this paper we survey the new learning in comparative political economy and suggest how this learning should redirect our attention in economic development.JEL classification: B53, O10, O20, P0 相似文献
123.
Summary. According to empirical studies, the wage differential by skills evolved non–monotonically in the past decades although the
relative supply of skilled labor steadily increased. The present paper provides a theoretical explanation for this finding.
In our setting, technological change intertemporally alters the human–capital investment incentives of heterogeneous individuals.
As a consequence of changing incentives, the time path of the relative wage is U–shaped while there is a rise in the share
of skilled workers.
Received: November 28, 2000; revised version: January 30, 2001 相似文献
124.
125.
Double Moral Hazard,Monitoring, and the Nature of Contracts 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Pradeep Agrawal 《Journal of Economics》2002,75(1):33-61
generalized double-sided moral-hazard model, with risk-averse parties who mutually monitor each other (to get a reasonable idea of outcome/effort).
The model considers trade-off between monitoring costs and moral hazard costs, which are endogenously determined by the extent
of monitoring.
Using this model, we formally prove a generalized version of Coase's conjecture – that the optimal contract minimizes the
agency and risk costs. We then show how varying assumptions about the feasibility or cost of monitoring of the outcome or
the worker's effort lead to different contracts being optimal. The analysis is then used to explain the nature of contracts
observed in practice under many different situations. We will give an explanation as to why industrial workers typically work
under wage contracts, while share contracts are common in agriculture and will explain why profit sharing is more common for
senior managers than for the production workers.
Received September 19, 2000; revised version received October 30, 1997 相似文献
126.
企业高技能型人才培养机制构建新探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着科学技术的高速发展,我国工业企业高技能型人才出现了严重的短缺现象,应引起有关部门及企业界人士的高度重视.培养大批高级专业技术人才与高级技工人才有利于增强企业的竞争能力,应针对高技能型人才的目前状况,确定相应的培养途径和措施. 相似文献
127.
经济划分为科研部门和非科研部门,科研开发对经济增长的作用及科研对非科研部门具有外溢效应。1999-2003年30个省市自治区的面板数据表明,科研开发对经济增长具有较大的拉动作用,同时科研开发部门对其他部门的外溢作用明显为正。 相似文献
128.
中国居民物质性消费与收入关系及其空间特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对1993年起中国开始步入过剩经济时代进行了实证分析,给出了沿海与内地城镇及农村居民物质性消费与收入的恩格尔函数及其特征;在收入-消费关系空间特征分析的基础上,指出居民消费倾向内地高于沿海,内地城镇高于农村。最后从居民物质性消费与收入关系及空间特征角度讨论了现阶段加速中西部地区发展的必要性与合理性。 相似文献
129.
130.
Rutger Hoekstra Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,23(3):357-378
Many environmental problems can be attributedto the extraction and emissions of physicalsubstances. Increasing our understanding of theeconomic and technological driving forcesbehind these physical flows can contribute tosolving the environmental problems related tothem. The input-output framework is a usefulsetting in which to integrate detailedinformation about economic structure andphysical flows. In this article a specificmethod in input-output analysis is reviewed,namely Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA).It is based on comparative static analysis,which decomposes historical changes of a policyvariable into determinant effects. SDA has beenapplied, for example, to analyze the demand andtechnological driving forces of energy use,CO2-emissions and various other pollutantsand resources. This article examines thetheoretical aspects of structuraldecomposition, in particular those concerningphysical flows and environmental issues.Furthermore, the article includes an extensivesurvey of empirical studies. 相似文献