An Exploration of Older Men's Social Lives and Well-Being in the Context of a Coffee Group

Recreation professionals continually strive to serve a host of diverse program constituents, while leisure researchers attempt to uncover barriers to leisure participation. Much of the barriers or constraints research has come from the perspective of program participants. This study identified, from the perspectives and experiences of 18 recreation professionals, the issues and barriers that they perceive inhibit recreation program access and availability to diverse constituents, particularly ethnic minority populations. Co-cultural theory, which integrates the concepts of muted group theory and standpoint theory, was utilized as the study's theoretical framework. In-depth interviews were utilized. Five primary barriers were identified that related to the changing faces of the community, the changing faces of management and staff, deferred program responsibility, language barriers, and negative attitudes and stereotypes held by some management and staff. This article demonstrates how these barriers impact leisure participation for disenfranchised groups. The findings suggest that recreation agencies, often unwittingly or unknowingly, foster organizational barriers that inhibit the perceived program accessibility or attractiveness to ethnic minorities. Implications for research and professional practice are explored.     

浅谈盆栽花卉对室内环境的改善

本文从盆栽花卉可以释放氧气、吸收有害气体和调节室内温湿度等五个方面简要介绍盆栽花卉改善室内环境和调节人的身心健康。     

我国财政社会保障支出的差异与结构:1998～2009年

利用1998～2009年的统计数据,考察我国财政社会保障支出的总量变化和结构演进。研究显示:我国的财政社会保障支出在1998年以后出现明显上升,但总体水平仍相对滞后;对社会保障的各种补助支出已成为财政社会保障支出中最主要的组成部分;我国的财政社会保障支出存在着明显的地区差距和城市偏向。应着力提高社会保障支出占公共财政的比例,优化财政社会保障支出的项目结构等,确保财政社会保障的顺利开展。     

论药品专利和公共健康问题——以人权和“价值平衡”理论为视角

WTO建立的TRIPS协议将包括药品在内的一切发明都纳入可以给予专利保护的范围，这使发展中国家在解决本国因艾滋病、结核病和疟疾等传染病引起的公共健康问题时，和发达国家相关药品的专利保护之间产生冲突。从当前全球的公共健康现状出发，运用人权和“价值平衡”理论对此分析，可以得出这样的结论：作为基本人权，发展中国家人民的生命健康权应该优于知识产权加以保护。     

A Market and Spatial Perspective of Health Tourism Destinations: The Hungarian Experience

Since health tourism is one of the most popular and most dynamically developing products of modern tourism, this paper aims at studying the characteristic features of health tourism destinations from a regional and spatial perspective. Accordingly, the authors would like to introduce a new approach of spatial and product analysis of tourism where the market and spatial relations and relevance of health tourism were analysed through the example of Hungary. Although the classic medical tourism centres were established on natural medical water basis, by today, due to product diversification, continuous innovation and the involvement of medical services into health tourism, the geographical embeddedness seems to disappear, thus basically restructuring the market. The methodological novelty of the research is that exceeding the classic supply–demand algorithm, we compiled a complex viewpoint system adequate to the specialities of the given product characteristics. In our study, the authors intend to survey the special characteristics of health tourism focusing on medical destinations through Hungarian examples since the country's leading position in the global market is well recognized, including medical services. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

商业健康保险是否促进了居民健康——基于微观数据的实证研究

党的十九大报告明确提出全面实施"健康中国"战略,强调商业健康保险参与多层次医疗保障体系建设,服务广大人民群众健康保障的重要作用。明确商业健康保险如何从微观层面提高居民健康是有效发挥其助力"健康中国"作用的前提与基础。本文基于中国健康和营养调查(CHNS)2000～2015年面板数据,利用面板工具变量法解决内生性,考察商业健康保险对居民健康水平的影响,同时对不同收入阶层和年龄阶段进行异质性分析,并进行机制探讨。研究表明,商业健康保险能够显著提高居民的健康水平,而且这一正向影响对高收入阶层和中年人群的正向影响更为明显。此外,机制分析表明商业健康保险能够提高居民的医疗服务利用,改善居民健康行为,从而提高健康水平。     

“以医促养”还是“以养促养 ”:医疗保险与养老金的健康绩效比较

CLHLS2014年数据的结构方程模型估计结果显示,养老金收入能显著提高老年人的主观健康,并且主观健康还能显著增进生理健康。路径模型进一步检验发现养老金能通过显著改善受访者的居住条件、水果摄入量、及时就医、经济状况等途径来提高老年人的生理健康。而医疗保险支出与老年人主观健康、生理健康之间都呈显著负相关关系。相比医疗保险支出,养老金能带来更正面更积极的健康绩效,且促进老年人健康的途径更为丰富。实证结果说明,相比“以医促养”,“以养促养”的老年人健康绩效更优。本文建议我国从以疾病治疗为中心转为依托养老金购买养老服务,提高老年人生活质量的健康保障体系。     

2019年国际大石油公司经营业绩与战略动向

2019年,虽然油气产量稳步增长,但是受经济下行、国际油气价格下跌影响,炼厂开工率与油品销售量双降,国际大石油公司的经营业绩由升转降。国际大石油公司因势利导主动调整发展策略,采取多种举措增储上产、稳定收入,持续在资源优势区域和需求高增长区域优化产业链布局,通过提升海外经营资产集中度、优化资源配置与组合、获取较低成本油气资源、主动拥抱数字化和智能化等经营策略,提升全产业链价值创造能力,向低碳化、清洁化、数字化综合性能源公司转型。这些动向为中国石油企业拓展业务领域、实现能源转型、提升盈利能力提供了新的思路和机会。     

多级政府级次下的经济增长与财政支出规模优化研究

笔者在巴罗经济增长模型的基础上,建立了一个两级政府提供公共物品的经济增长数理模型,说明政府级次划分对经济增长绩效的影响.并采用计量分析的方法,分别对我国中央政府与地方政府财政事权划分的合理性、最优事权划分标准进行了检验与测算.     

Aging: Some Pleasant Fiscal Arithmetic

Projections of age-related public expenditure growth have raised widespread concerns about fiscal sustainability. This paper examines how total expenditure would develop under four policy rules on public expenditure growth. Some simple arithmetic of expenditure, GDP, and population is reviewed and applied in simulations for 19 OECD countries over 2000–50. A general and a specific conclusion arise from the results. Generally, long-term expenditure projections could benefit from revisiting common assumptions on non-age-related expenditure growth. Specifically, realistic gradual adjustment in non-age-related expenditures could go a long way towards maintaining fiscal sustainability under age-related spending pressures.