A structural VAR business cycle model for a volatile small open economy

New Zealand is a small economy exposed to a volatile climate, relatively volatile international trade prices, and its exposure to international financial markets has increased markedly since economic reforms in the 1980s. This paper applies identification techniques suggested by Cushman and Zha [Cushman, D.O. and Zha T.A., 1997. Identifying monetary policy in a small open economy under flexible exchange rates, Journal of Monetary Economics, 39, pp. 433–448.], Zha [Zha, T.A., (1999). Block recursion and structural vector autoregression, Journal of Econometrics, 90, pp. 291–316.] and Dungey and Pagan [Dungey, M. and Pagan, A., 2000. A structural VAR model of the Australian economy, The Economic Record, 76, pp. 321–342.] to develop a large four block structural VAR model of the New Zealand business cycle to capture these features. The model reveals that climate and international trade price shocks have been more important sources of business cycles fluctuations than international or domestic financial shocks. Furthermore, the model does not encounter the price and exchange rate puzzles that have bedevilled attempts to identify monetary policy shocks in small open economy SVAR models.     

Monetary policy with sticky prices and segmented markets

Summary. We consider a sticky-price model with segmented asset markets, and examine its implications for monetary policy. Our finding is, first, that the response of the money supply growth rate to a money demand shock required to stabilize inflation is not affected by the existence of a liquidity effect, but the response of the nominal interest rate is. Second, when the monetary authority adopts a Taylor rule, whether or not it should be active to obtain local determinacy of equilibria depends on the existence of a liquidity effect. Our results suggest that the monetary authority should be careful about the existence and the degree of a liquidity effect particularly when the nominal interest rate is used as the policy instrument.Received: 11 February 2004, Revised: 1 November 2004 JEL Classification Numbers: E3, E4, E5.     

Gradual Product Replacement,Intangible-Asset Prices and Schumpeterian Growth

The paper develops a general-equilibrium model of scale-invariant Schumpeterian (R&D-based) growth. New higher-quality products are discovered through stochastic and sequential R&D races in each industry. The market share of an R&D race winner increases gradually and is governed by an exponential deterministic process. The introduction of gradual (as opposed to instantaneous) product replacement sheds more light on the effects of the rate of technology diffusion on long-run growth and on long-run dynamics of intangible asset prices. An economy with faster product diffusion rates experiences higher long-run innovation rates, faster transitional growth, and is populated by younger firms. As the typical firm becomes older, the earnings yield (i.e., the inverse of the price earnings (P/E) ratio) increases and expected earnings growth declines. Younger firms have lower earnings, lower market shares, but higher P/E ratios and higher expected earnings growth associated with their higher potential market growth.An electronic version of the paper is available at http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/dinopoulos/research.html.     

非均衡条件下房地产价格变化的主要因素及动力机制

房地产市场是一非均衡的市场,特殊的市场性质和独特的商品属性决定了房地产价格的变化既要受供求关系的影响,又不能单纯的依靠供求关系,还必须通过政府相关的政策加以引导,调控房地产的供应数量与供应结构,引导经济预期.纵观供需两方面,在影响房地产价格变化的因素中,成本价格是价格变化的基础,消费者的购买能力与购买欲望是决定因素,而国家的政策具有双重影响,且影响房地产发展的全过程.房地产的价格也在市场机制和预期机制的共同作用下发展和变化.     

湖南省对外贸易与经济增长关系的实证研究

以湖南省为研究对象,着重探讨对外贸易与经济增长的实证关系。通过运用计量经济学中协整检验分析技术和格兰杰因果关系检验方法,对湖南省对外贸易与经济增长的关系进行实证检验,得出结论:对外贸易与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的关系,但出口与经济增长,进口与经济增长之间仅存在单向因果关系,即进、出口增长是经济增长的原因,而经济增长并不是进、出口增长的原因。     

应对资产价格波动的货币政策选择与均衡框架构建

资本市场的快速发展,使资产价格波动与货币政策效果之间的关联性不断加大.货币政策是否应当和应该如何对资产价格波动作出反应,多年来吸引了众多学者和货币政策制定者的高度关注.综合已有的理论实践和我国货币政策操作的现实,虽然目前资产价格还不具备作为我国货币政策独立调控目标的条件,但是有必要将其作为货币调控的辅助监测指标纳入中央银行货币政策操作的视野.央行应尽快建立与资产价格监测相关的指标体系,形成考虑资产价格波动因素的货币政策传导机制,构建均衡实体经济与虚拟经济的货币政策操作框架.     

技术引进、市场结构、研发效率与二次创新

二次创新是实现技术引进向自主创新转变的重要环节,中国引进技术二次创新投入低下已经引起广泛关注。基于产品垂直创新内生增长理论,文章构建了二次创新的内生决定模型,讨论了技术引进选择、市场结构、企业研发效率等因素对二次创新的影响。在此基础上,文章运用1998~2004年我国30个省市大中型工业企业面板数据进行了实证分析,并提出加大引进技术二次创新的建议。     

我国进出口贸易与经济增长的实证研究

根据协整检验分析,我国出口对国民经济增长具有推动作用,进口对国民经济增长具有一定的抑制作用,但进口对国民经济增长的抑制作用要比出口的促进作用小得多;从短期动态关系来看,出口和进口都对国民经济的增长具有促进作用,但出口对国民经济增长的促进作用比进口小得多,格兰杰因果检验显示我国出口与经济增长的相关关系较弱.     

安徽省进出口贸易与经济增长关系的实证分析

根据1981~2005年安徽省进口、出口和全省生产总值的数据,利用协整检验和Granger因果关系检验对安徽省进、出口贸易与经济增长关系进行实证分析,结果表现三者之间在长期存在着唯一的动态均衡关系,进、出口贸易与经济增长之间存在单向的因果关系,而出口与进口互为因果关系。     

我国外商投资企业转移定价方法选择研究

我国外商投资企业制定转移价格时常用的方法一般有市价法、成本法和协商价格法三种。运用问卷调查法，文章发现我国外资企业在方法选择时遵循着一定的规律，即选用成本法的外商投资企业存在利润转移的极大嫌疑、文章的结论对我国转移定价税收监管政策的制定有一定参考价值。