新制度经济学委托代理理论视野的拓展*

新制度经济学中的委托代理理论基于“经济人理性”假定,设计出了精密、精巧、精致的委托代理制度,有效化解了现代企业中委托人与代理人之间利益冲突并提升了企业运营效率。然而,现代企业实践已经证明,即使委托代理制度十分精密、精巧、精致,仍然没有彻底解决委托人与代理人之间的利益冲突和企业运营效率进一步提升问题。因此,必须拓展既有理论视野,从“经济人理性”假定拓展到“经济人+社会人+家庭人复合理性”假定,这样就能够实现委托代理理论视野的拓展。运用新制度经济学研究方法和双边对称信任数理模型表明：基于委托代理制度,进一步强化委托人与代理人之间双边对称信任度,可以进一步化解他们之间的利益冲突并且改善企业运营效率。基于这一结论,强化委托人与代理人之间双边对称信任度的具体路径是优化社会信任环境系统。     

论我国大气污染生态补偿法律机制的完善

大气污染生态补偿法律机制对于促进区域大气污染联合治理、实现大气污染治理法律正义、创新与完善生态补偿法律机制等具有重要意义。我国现有法律法规就大气污染生态补偿进行了原则性规定,特别是山东、陕西、湖北等地方性法规更是对大气污染生态补偿进行了探索性规范,为大气污染生态补偿法律机制完善提供了有益经验。但从总体来看,我国大气污染生态补偿法律机制尚存在缺乏专门法律支撑、生态补偿主体过窄、补偿方式单一、补偿标准不合理、法律责任不完善等问题。为促进生态文明战略与强化大气污染生态补偿的法律保障,我国应以科学理念为指导,采取有效措施推进大气污染生态补偿法律机制完善。     

Parking futures: Preparing European cities for the advent of automated vehicles

The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) is a virtual certainty. Much less certain is the timing of their introduction and how rapid the transition to full automation will be. Various governments are already working to facilitate this shift by, for example, amending and elaborating regulations to support the introduction of AVs, or supporting tests in different urban environments. Meanwhile, urban and regional planners and decision-makers are still grappling with the uncertainties and differing opinions about the possible impacts of AVs on land-use changes and location choices, particularly in relation to the space available for vehicles, both moving (i.e. roadspace) and stationary (i.e. parking space). This paper uses a backcasting approach to identify critical policy decisions and measures to be taken before the implementation of AVs, so as to achieve a more desirable, attractive and high-quality city. These policy measures primarily relate to the reuse and reallocation of parking and roadspace. Two strategic decisions are found to be essential to meet the major goals of sustainable and liveable cities: a clear commitment to a shared mobility and the delimitation of Core Attractive Mixed-use Spaces (CAMS). In order to deliver these desired urbanisation patterns, a set of three policy paths, involving eight policy packages, is proposed for the next 20–30 years. This article provides urban and regional decision-makers with examples of interventions that can be implemented beyond and during the implementation of AVs.     

安徽移动服务差异分析及改进策略探讨

服务质量是决定服务性企业营销效果、经济收益的最重要因素.文章借助于服务质量差异模型对安徽移动服务质量现状进行了深刻分析,从服务过程质量管理与控制角度分析,提出了增强服务意识、提高服务技巧、加大服务有形展示的力度、管理顾客等质量改进策略.     

中国经济发展的路径、成就与经验

1949年以来,中国的经济发展经历了凯歌行进、停滞徘徊和高速发展的三个阶段,呈现出一条"之"字形的曲折路径.尽管如此,从总体上看,经济发展仍取得了辉煌的成就,中国GDP总量跃居世界第三,人均GDP与世界平均水平差距大大缩小.60年的经济发展积累了丰硕的正面和反面的经验,其中,最重要的有三条:一是指导思想最为重要,科学发展观是60年经验教训的理论结晶;二是从国情出发,走自己的道路,选择发展模式;三是从国力出发,好中求快,确定经济发展速度.     

But are they Meritorious? Genetic Productivity Gains under Plant Intellectual Property Rights

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) on the productive merit/yield increases of US seed varieties. As an example, we use wheat varieties, which are and have been available as both protected and unprotected under PVP from both the public and private sectors. We find evidence that PVP has contributed to the genetic improvement of wheat, using varietal trial data from Washington State. As the private open‐pollinated varieties exist only because of PVP and are higher yielding, these results indicate a clear public benefit from PVP.     

“后金融危机”时期天津中小企业核心竞争力提升路径研究

在对天津市中小企业核心竞争力的现状进行调查的基础上,针对中小企业构建核心竞争力过程中存在的问题进行剖析,并提出了在“后金融危机”时期提升中小企业核心竞争力的路径,使天津中小企业在“后金融危机”时期能够规避风险并抓住发展机遇。     

高职铸造专业实训改进研究与实施

为了提高高职学院铸造专业学生实训效果,通过消失模铸造改进传统木模手工造型,既提高了学生实际动手能力,又使学生掌握了该门先进铸造技术,增强了学生就业竞争能力。     

土地整治监管制度存在的问题及对策

土地整治监管是土地整治工作顺利开展的基础和关键。针对当前土地整治监管过程中出现的监管基础薄弱、缺乏依据、制度建设不足等突出问题,建立了"四位一体"土地整治监管体系,从强化监管组织建设,创新监管模式、构建全社会参与监管新机制、监管技术手段的信息化等方面提出了强化我国土地整治监管的对策及建议,为提升我国土地整治监管质量和效率提供了重要支撑。     

安徽省农村土地综合整治的SWOT分析

农村土地综合整治已经成为推进安徽省工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的重大战略选择,运用SWOT分析法,分析得出：优势（S）,实施经验丰富,整治潜力巨大,群众基础坚实深入;劣势（W）,目标缺乏综合性,乡村与城市难以实现等值化,进展难以均衡,宅就建新补偿标准低,宅基地财产权难以体现;机遇（O）,国家高度重视,整村推进时机难得,“生态文明”和“美好乡村”建设全面推进;挑战（T）,耕地保护形势依然严峻,建设用地供需矛盾依旧突出,法律法规等保障措施缺失。建议：⑴出台《安徽省土地整治管理办法》;⑵“分区+模式”相结合;⑶完善资金保障机制;⑷切实保障农民土地财产权。