供应链中的信息共享与价值增值研究

以一个由一个制造商和一个分销商组成的供应链系统为背景，研究了因信息共享而带来的响应时间缩短对供应链整体及其成员收益的影响。用数理逻辑证明了供应链和其成员因信息共享而实现了价值增值。     

对我国医药企业自主创新演化机制的分析

自主创新是当前商业界和学术界研究比较热的话题。政府相应地制定了一系列的政策和法规来鼓励企业进行自主创新。在这种背景下,我国的医药企业也积极响应国家的政策进行自主创新。然而,医药企业创新在实际操作中的行动方向差异很大。针对这种差异,笔者将医药企业创新划分成新功能创新和新设计创新两种,并且通过对一系列的数据和资料分析后,发现我国的医药企业的创新并非实质上的自主创新即新功能创新,而是新设计创新。文中对产生这种局面的演化机制进行了分析。     

Integrating ecosystem services into conservation assessments: A review

A call has been made for conservation planners to include ecosystem services into their assessments of conservation priority areas. The need to develop an integrated approach to meeting different conservation objectives and a shift in focus towards human wellbeing are some of the motivations behind this call. There is currently no widely accepted approach to planning for ecosystem services. This study contributes towards the development of this approach through a review of conservation assessments and the extent to which they include ecosystem services. Of the 476 conservation assessments identified by a set of search terms on the Web of Science, 100 were randomly selected for this review. Of these only seven had included ecosystem services, while another 13 had referred to ecosystem services as a rationale for conservation without including them in the assessment. The majority of assessments were based on biodiversity pattern data while 19 used data on ecological processes. A total of 11 of these 19 assessments used processes, which could be linked to services. Ecosystem services have witnessed an increase in attention received in conservation assessments since the year 2000, however trends were not apparent beyond this date. In order to assess which types of ecosystem services and how they have been accounted for in conservation assessments, we extended our review to include an additional nine conservation assessments which included ecosystem services. The majority included cultural ecosystem services, followed by regulatory, provisioning and supporting services respectively. We conclude with an analysis of the constraints and opportunities for the integration of ecosystem services into conservation assessments and highlight the urgent need for an appropriate framework for planning for ecosystem services.     

替代产品投放策略与竞争性反应研究

本文首先介绍了产品替代理论，然后回顾了新产品投放及竞争者的反应方面的相关理论研究，在投放策略与反应之间引入信号的概念：根据已有文献研究总结得出企业感知信号的不同类型与其做出竞争性反应的关系。     

论废弃产品问题与生产者责任延伸制度的回应

产品在消费后阶段所凸显的环境污染与资源浪费问题,即废弃产品问题,源于产品的资源性和潜在污染性,自然处置方式的不能和焚烧、填埋处置方式的不当。生产者责任延伸制度概念的提出为废弃产品问题的解决找到了合理的责任承担主体,减轻了政府在此方面的责任,为通过立法建立具体的生产者责任延伸制度提供了雏形。建立生产者责任延伸制度,施行回收处置方式是破解废弃产品问题的制度回应。     

善因营销中的消费者感知和反应研究

善因营销是企业履行社会责任的重要战略形式，因兼顾企业、消费者、非营利组织、社会等多方利益而广受关注。消费者对企业及其善因营销行为的感知和反应是善因营销战略能否成功的关键。但影响感知和反应的因素错综复杂，包含了资助时间、规模、事项类型、企业声誉及消费者个性等不同方面。不同的企业应该区别对待。     

The damage costs of climate change toward more comprehensive calculations

It is argued that estimating the damage costs of a certain benchmark climate change is not sufficient. What is needed are cost functions and confidence intervals. Although these are contained in the integrated models and their technical manuals, this paper brings them into the open in order to stimulate discussion. After briefly reviewing the benchmark climate change damage costs, region-specific cost functions are presented which distinguish tangible from intangible losses and the losses due to a changing climate from those due to a changed climate. Furthermore, cost functions are assumed to be quadratic, as an approximation of the unknown but presumably convex functions. Results from the damage module of the integrated climate economy modelFUND are presented. Next, uncertainties are incorporated and expected damages are calculated. It is shown that because of convex loss functions and right-skewed uncertainties, the risk premium is substantial, calling for more action than analysis based on best-guess estimates. The final section explores some needs for further scientific research.     

Asymptotic confidence bands for the estimated autocovariance and autocorrelation functions of vector autoregressive models

This paper provides closed-form formulae for computing the asymptotic covariance matrices of the estimated autocovariance and autocorrelation functions of stable VAR models by means of the delta method. These covariance matrices can be used to construct asymptotic confidence bands for the estimated autocovariance and autocorrelation functions to assess the underlying estimation uncertainty. The usefulness of the formulae for empirical work is illustrated by an application to inflation and output gap data for the U.S. economy indicating the existence of a significant short-run Phillips-curve tradeoff.First version received: November 2002/Final version received: September 2003     

投资与通货膨胀-紧缩的联系:来自中国的经验证据

基于Toda-Yamamoto长期因果检验程序和广义脉冲反应技术,本文首先研究了全社会实际固定资产投资与零售价格水平变动之间的长期因果及其冲击-动态反应关系,然后进一步考察了货币供给量M1和贸易依存度在促成上述关系中所扮演的角色.其研究结论为:(1)货币供给量M1是唯一的外生变量,其增长不是价格水平变动的直接因,而是通过全社会实际固定资产投资间接地成为价格水平变动的因;(2)贸易依存度和全社会实际固定资产投资之间存在双向因果联系,前者只能通过后者间接地成为价格水平变动的因;(3)中国对外开放既消化又强化了中国生产能力过剩,但消化胜于强化;(4)投资一个单位正向冲击在开始的2-4年左右导致相对温和的通货膨胀,但后五年左右将导致相对严重的通货紧缩.     

试论社会主义和谐社会的信息功能

总结了信息的基本特性，阐述了信息、信息系统与社会主义和谐社会的关系，井指出构建和谐的信息社会是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要切入点。从信息的基本特性出发，提出了一些强化信息功能，促进社会主义和谐社会的构建与发展的建议。