Gender wage inequality and labour mobility in the hospitality sector

The main aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly we analyse the effects of educational mismatch on workers’ occupational mobility and secondly, we quantify the contribution of educational mismatch and labour mobility on gender wage inequality. The decomposition of the gender wage gap was controlled by different types of gender segregation. We use matched employer-employee data from 302 hotels in Andalusia. The evidence suggests that not only is external mobility far higher than internal mobility in this sector, but also that it is the main cause of wage inequality. The reason for this is the existence of labour discrimination against women, which manifests as a lack of access to labour improvements under the same conditions as men. Educational mismatch has a limited effect on internal and external mobility. Finally, gender discrimination is the overall cause of gender wage inequality and is mainly due to horizontal segregation and external mobility.     

How should we divide the pie? Equity distribution and its impact on entrepreneurial teams

Drawing on a multiple case study approach and data on eight entrepreneurial teams observed over six months this article develops a dynamic model of the consequences of equity distribution among team members. Perceived justice of equity distribution emerged as a key variable influencing entrepreneurial team interactions and important entrepreneurial outcomes. High perceived justice triggered positive team interaction spirals, whereas low perceived justice triggered negative interaction spirals. Teams exposed to external threats drifted from a positive spiral to a negative spiral despite high perceived justice. We discuss the implications of our study for research on entrepreneurial imprints, justice, and exit.     

城乡居民收入差距对居民消费影响的实证分析

回归分析证明了改革开放以来城乡居民收入差距过大导致整个消费水平越来越低,增加城市居民的收入不能提高我国居民的整体消费水平;城镇居民收入较高,相对于农村居民来说边际消费倾向要低于农村居民的边际消费倾向,如果能增加农村居民的收入,则会提高全国的消费总量及转变农村的消费结构。     

中国人口地区分布现状及其历史变迁

根据 2 0 0 0年人口普查资料 ,分析了我国人口的地区分布特征及其在过去 70年中的变化过程。研究表明 :中国人口分布的地区差异大 ,人口分布的总格局是东密西疏。 70多年来 ,我国人口地区分布的总趋势是由东向西倾斜 ,全国人口分布的重心也向西北方向移动 ,但在不同的历史阶段上 ,人口地区分布的变化趋势各不相同。我国人口地区分布的集中程度在降低 ,人口的分布趋于“均匀化”     

Situational price sensitivity: the role of consumption occasion, social context and income

Research on consumer reaction to price has been largely confined to examining consumers’ price information search, evaluation of price alternatives, and individual purchase behaviors without regard to situational influences. At the same time, consumption has often been dichotomized in terms of its functional-hedonic nature and has been examined with regard to social influence. Surprisingly, researchers have heretofore not examined the potential effect of the consumption occasion or social context on consumers’ price sensitivity. Further, research examining the effect of household resources on price sensitivity has produced mixed results. We argue that household income effects on price sensitivity are dependent upon the situation. This research addresses two key issues. First, we examine whether individuals are equally price-sensitive when purchasing products for functional (e.g., purchasing frozen vegetables or paper towels) versus hedonic (e.g., purchasing ice cream or cookies) consumption situations and whether social context (i.e., consuming the product alone or with others) influences price sensitivity. Second, we explore the interaction effects of household income and consumption context on price sensitivity. We examine these issues across a series of three studies, finding that consumers’ price sensitivity is in fact attenuated by both hedonic and social consumption situations and that income moderates these effects. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.     

电子商务企业配送中心选址评价指标体系及模糊综合评价

电子商务环境下的物流配送中心选址涉及到多方面的因素,是一项复杂的系统工程。在建立选址模型时,很难将选址中的所有影响因素考虑周全,即使把这些因素考虑全面,也很难量化形成模型中的约束条件。所以,在进行电子商务环境下的物流配送中心选址时,应咨询和参考各相关专家的意见和建议,进行定性的选择。因此,提出模糊综合评价法来确定电子商务环境下配送中心选址方法。     

论金融发展的资本部门分配机制

金融发展是通过优化资本在部门间的分配来促进经济增长的,故研究金融发展的资本部门分配功能,是金融发展理论的重要内容。金融结构论认为金融发展可以促进资本部门分配的结构改善,金融深化论认为金融发展强化资本部门分配的成本收益比较机制,内生金融发展理论则认为内生金融发展是金融优化资本部门分配的根本动力。     

An Exploration of Opportunities for the Growth of the Fair Trade Market: Three Cases of Craft Organisations

Businesses that maintain ethical standards have an advantage in the marketplace based on the increasing interest of consumers in products that have a social and ethical component. Fair trade organisations that adopt environmental, social and ethical principles in trading are in a good position to make the most of this growing interest in the market. However, it is unclear whether fair trade organisations are taking full advantage of emerging market opportunities for ethically traded products. This research explores this issue by describing the business strategies of three fair trade organisations that import and sell craft goods into Western countries and evaluates them in the context of this growing market. The research findings indicate that in order to remain in business, fair trade craft organisations have had to adopt better business practices in recent years, improving quality, customer service and product offerings to customers. However, growth appears to be limited, as distribution remains focused on a small, niche market. This paper explores the distribution strategies of two fair trade commodity organisations that are successfully reaching a wider customer base, demonstrating that fair trade products have a unique selling advantage in the mainstream marketplace. In conclusion, fair trade craft organisations are not exploiting this market opportunity to the degree they should and will need to explore wider distribution and alternative business strategies to expand their market share.Debora Randall completed her Masters of Management at Massey University, in Auckland, New Zealand. She is currently using her interests in business and community development to work towards practical economic solutions to poverty. She is living in Vancouver, Canada where she is working on a number of community economic development initiatives.     

循环经济背景下的绿色物流发展策略研究

随着我国经济的迅速增长,资源与环境制约传统经济增长的态势之下,循环经济成为必然选择。然而,"第三利润源泉"——物流,在广泛开展的同时产生诸多负面影响,显然与循环经济相悖。资源的短缺,政府、社会对环境问题的广泛关注与管制,使绿色物流成为必然选择。     

基于m序列的宽间隔跳频序列的生成

为了克服对偶法生成宽间隔跳频随机序列的缺点,基于m序列,提出非线性模d法,利用非连续抽头模型,生成宽间隔跳频随机序列.比较了对偶法生成的跳频序列和非线性模d法生成的跳频序列的自相关性能和互相关性能等.计算结果表明,非线性模d法是对偶法的明显改进,其生成序列的随机性、抗干扰性都有明显改善,且相关性能接近于最佳跳频序列的相关性能.