地理区位、农户特征与贫困分布——基于西海固720个农户的分析

地理区位、农户特征是决定贫困分布的重要因素。本文以宁夏西海固8个国家扶贫工作重点县72个观察村的720个农户资料为样本数据,按照地理区位和农户特征为标志对贫困指标进行分解研究,以观察贫困人口分布状况,分析贫困机理,从微观上制定具体的扶贫措施。研究发现,地理区位和农户特征决定了农户贫困规模和程度的差异性,这种差异性是确定西海固农村扶贫开发对象和重点的参考依据。     

第三方物流的成本收益分析

首先阐述了成本收益分析对第三方物流成本控制的意义,介绍了第三方物流成本的局部控制和综合控制并分析了它们之间的关系,在此基础上进一步建立了第三方物流的成本收益分析模型。最后,指出第三方物流的成本收益分析是进行第三方物流有效成本控制、进一步发展第三方物流的重要手段。     

我国各区域农业生产资源配置效率分析

本文运用数据包络分析法测算了我国各区域农业经济的投入产出效率,指出目前我国各省市农业经济资源配置效率差异较大,其中人均化肥施用量对全国大多数省市农业劳动生产率都是最重要的,这种生产方式属于典型的“化肥农业”,并由此引发了一系列问题。文章认为,制度创新可以再造农业经济主体之间的相互关系,减少信息成本和不确定性,降低交易成本,提高生产要素配置效率,从而促进农业经济快速增长;在制度创新先行的前提下,实现农业经济组织创新与制度创新、知识创新的互动,是转变“化肥农业”生产方式,走可持续的新型农业发展道路的关键所在。     

流通垄断的福利经济学分析及其测度

本文主要考察流通垄断的特殊性及其福利经济学测度。流通垄断与生产垄断相比，其垄断行为和垄断结构具有很多特殊性和复杂性。在目前阶段，流通市场的低集中度是制约我国流通产业发展的一个重要原因，大型流通企业之间的合并和重组一方面可以实现流通的规模经济，另一方面又有可能导致垄断程度的提高，本文通过一个简单的流通企业合并模型，从福利经济学的视角探讨了这种合并的两难效应，并进一步分析了此种情形下的反垄断措施。     

煤矿安全规制的纵向和横向配置：国际比较与启示

中国煤矿安全事故频发,事故数量、死亡人数、百万吨死亡率远远高于其他国家,一个重要的原因在于中国煤矿安全规制体制存在一些弊端,规制权力配置失当.本文通过对美国、南非、印度煤矿安全规制体制的分析比较,试图寻求一条中国煤矿安全规制体制变革的理想道路.     

收入分配与工业化关系——基于墨菲等人工业化理论的协整分析

文章根据墨菲等人的收入分配与工业化关系理论模型,运用计量经济协整检验方法对我国城乡收入分配、市场规模与工业化关系进行了实证分析。分析表明,我国城乡居民收入水平提高与收入分配差距扩大是推动我国工业化水平提高的重要原因,居民特别是农民整体收入水平偏低、购买力不强仍然是阻碍工业化进程,导致有效需求不足的主要原因。为从根本上解决有效需求不足问题,必须大力发展生产力,加速二元经济向现代经济转变,努力提高低收入群体特别是农民的收入水平,促进合理要素价格的形成,建立有效的个人收入分配税收调控体系,完善社会保障制度。     

电子商务在物流配送中的应用及其整合研究

物流配送之所以能创造价值就在于其在物质实体的流动过程中实现了增值,但物流配送在实现物资流动的过程时要使得物资在空间和时间上的位移,这其中需要很大的成本,主要体现在货物的分拣、存放、包装、分类、组配、装货、运输、配送、储存等环节。为了降低物流配送成本,有必要实现其的现代化,其中很大的一个举措就是运用电子商务技术。     

The Effect of Friendly Persuasion and Gender on Tax Comliance Behavior

Friendly persuasion, in contrast to deterrent measures like tax audits and penalties on underreported taxes, is a positive and possibly a cost effective method of increasing taxpayer compliance. However, prior studies have failed to show that friendly persuasion has a significant impact on compliance (Blumenthal et al., 2001; McGraw and Scholz, 1991). In our study, in contrast to prior studies, we examine the impact of generating and reading reasons supporting compliance as friendly persuasion on individuals' income reporting behavior as well as control for gender effects. Specifically, we predict an interaction effect between friendly persuasion and gender on compliance behavior. We carried out a 2 (friendly persuasion and control) × 2 (men and women) full factorial experiment, where participants earned $30 by completing two questionnaires. Participants in the friendly persuasion group were required first to generate and second to read a list of reasons why they should comply fully. Afterwards, participants in both groups were asked to report the income they earned and pay tax on the reported income. The results show a significant main effect for gender as well as a significant interaction effect between gender and friendly persuasion on income reported. Women in the friendly persuasion group reported significantly higher income compared to men in that group. Other comparisons were not significant. Policy implications for increasing taxpayers' ethics and compliance are highlighted.     

多边共赢的供应链契约

供应链上的成员通过建立契约关系来协调各方的利益,分配供应链上新增加利润。在供应链契约中,商品的价格、数量、提前期、退货以及对拖延期限的惩罚等都是契约中的主要内容以及契约双方谈判的焦点。通过对契约中订货的数量、价格等供应链契约的决策变量的研究,建立了以契约为枢纽的网状供应链上每个成员能够获得"多赢"的"度"的量化模型。     

Efficiency in IPO Issuance Processes?

Is the online auction an efficient mechanism for pricing initial public offerings (IPOs)? Its intent was to minimize first day price surges in IPOs, which represented “money left on the table” for issuers. Evidence from Google's IPO suggests that the online auction process may not have minimized the first day price surge, since 82 percent of the IPOs issued in 2004 using the traditional process experienced less of an increase. Furthermore, a comparison of auction IPOs with traditional IPOs issued in the same year and in the same threedigit SIC code suggests that 44 percent of the auction IPOs have greater first day price surges than their traditional counterparts. A broader comparison of the pricing behavior of auction IPOs with traditional IPOs presents a mixed picture and suggests that the size of underwriter may be an important factor. The mispricing that occurs in auctions may be due to an informational asymmetry on the part of small investors. This informational gap could arise because small investors lack access to the information sources that institutional investors have or because companies are not required to provide detailed information in the online process, inasmuch as they don't undergo the rigorous scrutiny of investment banks in the traditional bookbuilding process. This informational gap may be alleviated by the SEC reforms of the “quiet period” and by the issuer providing more detailed information on the uses of the funds.