近代中国第一批留学生对中国近代发展的历史影响

在特定的历史背景下,清政府派遣了近代中国第一批留学生赴美留学。虽然是中途而废,但是清政府的这一壮举揭开了中国留学教育第一页,为中国培养了一大批人才,对促进中国近代发展带来了积极的影响。     

冷战后美国核政策的调整趋势及影响

冷战结束以来,美国四任总统先后对美国核政策进行了一系列调整。虽然这种调整仍处于不断的发展演变之中,但其呈现的调整趋势已然有轨迹可寻:一是核武器的实战作用在逐步下降,二是核武器的打击对象从固定明确转向灵活模糊,三是核力量建设从旧三位一体向新三位一体发展,四是防扩散在核政策中的重要性日益上升。透过美国核政策不断的调整演变,可以发现其不变的四个基本原则:绝对优势原则、领导主导原则、灵活选择原则和核先发制人原则。由于冷战后美国核政策调整的趋势和原则深刻地体现美国自身安全利益考量的本位立场,而这一立场与国际防扩散目标存在难以调和的龃龉。美国在国际社会不断强化防扩散机制、提出无核世界的主张、倡导裁减核武器等一系列举措,虽然能在一定程度上对国际防扩散和反核运动起到推动作用,但其核政策对国际安全环境也造成诸多负面影响,使国际社会安全感普遍下降,使无核世界的目标遥不可及,最终也会使美国难以摆脱恐怖主义与核武器扩散相结合的安全梦魇。     

Normative Influences in Donation Decisions

ABSTRACT

The author examines the role of social and personal moral norms within a charitable giving decision process. Social and moral norms are posited both to directly and indirectly influence charitable-giving decisions. The study confirms the presence of idealistic and egotistic dimensions of moral norms within a charitable-request environment. Post-charitable contribution guilt was also found to be present in both donors and nondonors for markedly irregular charitable-giving encounters, with nondonors experiencing significantly higher guilt. The study explores the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for nonprofit marketers.     

Guilt Appeals and Prosocial Behavior: An Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Anticipatory Versus Reactive Guilt Appeals on the Effectiveness of Blood Donor Appeals

This study investigates the effectiveness of guilt-arousing communication in promoting prosocial behavior. By analyzing the distinct effects of anticipatory versus reactive guilt appeals, we contribute to the discussion of guilt appeals as drivers of prosocial behavior, especially blood donation. Research on persuasive communication provides the theoretical basis of our study and we validate our hypotheses by means of two 2?×?2 factorial between-subjects designs. We find that anticipatory rather than reactive guilt appeals are more effective in generating prosocial action tendencies. Compared to noninformational reference group influences, messages endorsed by members of informational reference groups yielded more favorable attitudinal responses. Besides their significant main effect, two-sided messages reinforce the favorable impact of anticipatory guilt appeals. The study concludes with practical implications for nonprofit organizations and public blood donor services as well as avenues for future research.     

大学英语课堂中学生口语产出的影响因素刍议

伴随着当前社会经济的飞速发展，人们的生活水平不断提升，同国际上的交流越来越密切，英语作为其主要的沟通语言，逐渐受到人们的重视。为了进一步提高教学质量，促使学生能够熟练利用英语进行沟通，完善自身发展。对英语口语教学造成影响的因素有很多，包含视觉、心里、文化背景、学生性格等，教师在教学期间应分析多种原因，制定相应方法，从而提高教学质量。     

Chinese Investment in Advanced Economies: Opportunities and Challenges

With an increasing importance of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by multinationals (MNCs) from China in advanced economies, there is a need for deepening our knowledge of these Chinese MNCs not simply regarding their benefits and concerns, but more importantly regarding their dynamic and complex contexts. In this article, we investigate challenges that Chinese investors face in managing multiple embeddedness across heterogeneous contexts and why this multiple contextual embeddedness is particularly evident when Chinese firms acquire Western firms for competitive catch‐up. We contend that the interaction of Chinese investors with various local contexts depends on the extent to which these contexts are not only interrelated, but also overlain by temporal and spatial dimensions of context. Accordingly, contextualizing globalization of Chinese companies temporally and spatially will allow us to better understand their international expansion. More generally, we stress the need to place Chinese OFDI research in its broader context, temporally and spatially, and go beyond the mere institutional or cultural distance variables. Finally, we outline the key contributions from the six articles in this special issue and discuss the future research agenda stimulated by the issues raised in these articles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于决策实验室分析-解释结构模型的空管运行关键影响因素分析

在民用航空高速发展时期,空管运行过程为重要一环。为研究影响空管运行的关键因素,从人员、设备、环境、管理四个层面,利用DEMATEL-ISM方法构建研究模型,以确定空管运行关键因素。结果显示,空管运行影响因素分为八层,其中,设备的稳定性、设备系统工作环境、本单位扇区开放情况、机场气象信息、危险天气保障能力、安全管理资源投入为关键因素,结合分析结果提出建议与优化措施,为空管运行的发展提供参考。     

绿色壁垒对我国外贸的影响——兼谈对外贸易中的环保问题

绿色堡垒对我国出口市场、出口增长率、出口成本、经济利益和外商投资产业导向都有影响。我国外贸中存在着的环保问题。对策 :确立环保意识 ,与国际环境贸易政策一致 ;转变外贸发展模式 ,建立可持续发展的出口商品结构 ;调整进口商品结构 ;强化国际交流合作     

Family influence on young adult's brand evaluation. An empirical analysis focused on parent–children influence in three consumer packaged goods

Throughout the years, there has been debate in the consumer research literature on how families influence their children's attitudes to brands. This paper analyses parent–young adult children influence on the creation of brand associations, perceived quality and willingness to pay a price premium. In order to fulfil these goals, an empirical analysis using a sample of 349 young adults has been conducted. Relationships have been analysed by means of structural equations models in three consumer packaged goods, and results obtained allow us to conclude that the information provided by parents may foster the creation of brand associations, it may favour young adults' positive perception of the brand's quality, and finally, it may lead young adults to be willing to pay a price premium for the brand.