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951.
铁路运输历来都与国民经济建设息息相关。所谓高速铁路,通常是指最高运行时速在200公里以上的铁路。历经百十年的技术改革,高速铁路作为一个新型经济产业直接决定着一个国家的基础建设,特别是对于地域广袤的中国。短短十几年,中国实现了从步入高铁时代到引领世界高铁发展的一个大飞跃。高铁对于城市交通的改善作用明显,改变了人们的出行方式,调整了城市民众的出行次数及城市空间结构。 相似文献
952.
Agustí Segarra 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(8):727-748
This paper draws on a sample of innovative Catalan firms to identify how two main sources of innovation – internal R&D and external R&D acquisition – affect productivity in the manufacturing and service industries. The sample comprises 1612 innovative firms from the fourth European Community Innovation Survey (CIS-4) during the period 2002–2004. We compare empirical results when applying the usual OLS and quantile regression techniques controlling with a non-parametric sample selection. Our results indicate the different patterns that are attributable to the two sources of innovation as we move up from lower to higher conditional quantiles. First, the marginal effect of internal R&D on productivity decreased as we moved up to higher productivity levels. Second, the marginal effect of external R&D acquisition increased as we moved up to higher productivity levels. Finally, empirical results show significant complementarities between internal and external R&D, which are higher for knowledge-intensive service sectors. 相似文献
953.
Brett FAIRBAIRN 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2017,88(3):425-448
In recent years the term social innovation has become widely used by policy makers, yet important ambiguities remain. One of these concerns what has been called the paradox of embedded agency – how social innovators conceive of something new when working with existing social institutions. So far few writers have considered whether historical examples can, with benefit of hindsight, shed light on the relationships between social innovators and social institutions. This paper considers the example of Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen, creator of rural credit unions and agricultural co‐operatives in 19th‐century Germany. Raiffeisen was a social conservative who worked in many ways within existing social institutions. At the same time, his desire to meet social needs drove him to create new forms of action and organization that resulted in social innovation. Raiffeisen's process of invention shows that social innovation, particularly in transitional eras like his, need not be a matter of using logical‐deductive processes to address a social need, but may depend critically on values, will, a readiness to experiment, and an ability to find allies. These qualities enabled Raiffeisen to break through existing institutions to do something fundamentally new, and they may be qualities that provide new focus for social‐innovation research and policy. 相似文献
954.
经济转型国家金融市场发展的一般规律是:规模扩张先于结构优化,规模扩张到一定程度后,结构优化就成为市场能否持续稳定发展的关键。本文认为:中国金融市场结构变迁中存在显著非均衡性,主要表现在融资结构的“三主导”、市场种类的“七重七轻”、交易品种的“三小三少”以及交易主体的“四多四少”的格局。笔者基于一种功能与效率的分析框架对这种非均衡性结构进行了合理性评估。最后指出:现阶段中国金融市场发展必须加快金融创新,以结构优化为重点稳步推进金融市场的可持续发展。 相似文献
955.
鹿长余 《上海金融学院学报》2010,(1):35-41
本文对2009年中国证券市场证券投资基金的创新产品进行了综合评述,特别对分级基金进行了投资分析,指出目前市场上数量化投资产品的不足之处,同时指出了2010年基金产品的几个创新方向。 相似文献
956.
王跃军 《中央财经大学学报》2003,(9):21-23
税收激励主要通过收益调节、现金流量的可获性和风险分担这三种方式发挥其作用。我国目前的税收激励的主要不足在于,缺乏一种系统的、一以贯之的政策取向。从知识经济的大背景看,完善我国的税收激励制度应紧紧围绕促进科技创新这一主线来进行。 相似文献
957.
中国农业保险制度的变迁与创新 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文通过对改革开放三十年我国农业保险发展历程的梳理,运用新制度经济学的经典理论,从历史的角度展开对我国农业保险制度变迁的全方位研究,从国家层面来研究和探讨我国农业保险制度发展变迁与创新。通过这种制度分析,形成对我国农业保险制度变迁的一个清晰认识和准确把握,探索我国农业保险发展及其制度创新的特定路径依赖和路径选择,并在此基础上提出我国农业保险制度创新的未来方向。 相似文献
958.
This paper explores the determinants of financial development by focusing on the role played by barriers to the diffusion of financial technology. These barriers are measured using human genetic distance from the technology frontier. The results based on cross-sectional data for 123 countries suggest that genetic distance to the global frontier has an economically and statistically significant effect on financial development, in that countries that are genetically far from the technology leader tend to have lower levels of financial development. Genetic distance is found to have the largest effect, even after controlling for other determinants of financial development established in the literature. These findings indicate that cultural barriers to the diffusion of financial technology across borders impact financial development by influencing the follower countries’ ability to adopt and adapt innovations from the frontier. 相似文献
959.
Investor-driven 'short-termism' is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is incomplete and misleading: it ignores large offsetting equity issuances that move capital from investors to EU firms. We show that, over the last 30 years and the last decade, net shareholder payouts have been moderate and investment and cash balances have increased. In sum, the data provide little basis for the view that short-termism in the EU warrants corporate governance reforms. 相似文献
960.