岗位廉政教育的几个问题探讨

构建惩治和预防腐败岗位廉政教育体系的基础工程,是新的历史条件下反腐倡廉教育的创新和拓展。通过对岗位廉政教育的基本原则、关键环节和基本特点的探讨,旨在探索党员干部岗位廉政教育的途径,建立一种针对不同岗位、不同对象开展廉政教育的新型教育模式,增强教育的针对性和有效性。     

Social Security Disability Insurance and intergenerational economic mobility

Economic opportunity in the United States is shaped by parental health and disability. We hypothesize that Disability Insurance (DI) may mitigate the observed pattern. Using linked survey and administrative data, we find children of work-limited parents have 4.1 percentiles less upward economic mobility and 4.3 percentiles more downward mobility relative to children of non-limited parents. Despite poorer health, children of parents initially awarded DI experience a negligible mobility gap relative to peers whose parents never apply to DI and 3.6 percentiles more upward mobility than peers of parents who are initially denied benefits—suggesting DI may moderate economic mobility.     

Fits,misfits and interactions: learning at work,job satisfaction and job‐related well‐being

The resource‐based view (RBV) of the firm has focused attention on the importance of aligning employees' needs with the requirements of the jobs they do. This article focuses on how these needs and requirements interact in terms of learning. It does so in two ways. First, it develops new survey instruments to capture the learning demands of jobs and the learning dispositions of workers and uses them for the first time in a survey of 2,810 employees. Second, it examines how these person and job characteristics correlate with specific aspects of job satisfaction and job‐related well‐being. The results show that although learning alignment is associated with high levels of satisfaction and well‐being, not all learning misalignments are associated with the reverse.     

Encouraging knowledge sharing among employees: How job design matters

Job design is one of the most frequently researched practices in the Human Resource Management (HRM) literature, and knowledge sharing has become an important and heavily researched managerial practice. The links between these practices, however, have received little attention in the literature. We argue that job design matters to knowledge sharing for motivational reasons. Specifically, jobs contain characteristics that stimulate different kinds of motivation toward knowledge sharing, which have different effects on individual knowledge sharing behavior. We develop six hypotheses that unfold these ideas and test them on the basis of individual‐level data collected within a single firm. The hypotheses are tested in a LISREL model that confirms that job characteristics, such as autonomy, task identity, and feedback, determine different motivations to share knowledge, which in turn predict employees' knowledge sharing behaviors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

就业流动、市场分割与行业收入差距分析

本文从就业流动视角出发,运用劳动力市场分割理论的分析范式,考察了垄断行业和竞争行业间的收入差距问题.研究发现行业间存在非对称的就业流动,影响国有垄断行业就业流动的因素主要体现为体制性特征,且其与其他行业间的收入差距明显,表明该行业与其他部门存在明显的市场分割特征;而对于非国有垄断行业来说,非经济性因素对其影响非常有限,虽然该行业和竞争行业间仍存在工资差距,但并不足以证明其与竞争行业存在市场分割.竞争行业内部同样存在收入差距,影响国有部门和非国有部门间流动的因素体现出市场性和体制性混合但偏向市场竞争的特征,表明市场化的改革推动了竞争行业走向公平竞争,但是福利待遇等非工资性收入差距仍是改革的难点.     

Job satisfaction in aging workforces: an analysis of the USA,Japan and Germany

In light of the dramatically aging workforces in many industrialized countries, age diversity management will become a major challenge in human resource management. To successfully handle an age-diverse workforce, it is crucial to understand how employees of different ages can be motivated. This paper analyzes age's moderating role in the relationship between situational job characteristics and job satisfaction. To control for the potential influence of the cultural and institutional context, we use data from the USA, Japan and Germany. Findings show that older employees' job satisfaction is driven by different factors than younger employees: older employees put more emphasis on good relationships with colleagues, while income, advancement opportunities, job security and having an interesting job are less important. However, these effects are mostly nation-dependent, which underlines the importance of conducting cross-cultural or cross-national aging research.     

The impact of job security on job satisfaction in economic contractions versus expansions

Job security, often measured using the perceived risk of job loss in the near future, is a significant determinant of job satisfaction. We posit that the impact job security has on job satisfaction is not only a function of how likely it is that a worker loses a job but also how likely it is that a worker could find another. The effect this has on worker job satisfaction then is different depending on whether perceived job loss occurs (or not) when job openings are scarce or when job openings are plentiful. We use difference-in-differences analysis of the 1997 and 2008 waves from the National Study of the Changing Workforce to show that three measures of job security increase private sector worker job satisfaction, and reduce worker incentives to quit, more when job openings are relatively scarce (during contractions) than when job openings are relatively plentiful (during expansions). We find that our results are strongest among less-educated workers.     

External labor market strategy and career success: CEO careers in Europe and the United States

In this paper, we examine the career histories of the chief executive officers (CEOs) affiliated with the 500 largest organizations in Europe and the 500 largest in the United States. Our purpose is to determine whether frequent career moves across employers, a phenomenon we label an “external labor market strategy,” brings greater career rewards than moves inside the same organization. The results reveal that an external labor market strategy is negatively related to career success. On both continents, CEOs who have spent a smaller fraction of their career in their current organization or have changed employers more often have taken a longer time from the start of their career to be promoted to the most influential corporate positions. The labor market institutions in the 22 countries sampled do not influence the relationship between an external labor market strategy and career success, while the specific geographic region in which the employers are located has a limited impact on this relationship. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基层岗位标准化建设实践探讨

阐述了如何将岗位职责与标准挂钩,更好地解决岗位员工"干什么、怎么干和干到什么程度"的问题,做好基层岗位标准化建设工作。标准化管理工作必须从基层岗位抓起,才能真正取得实效。     

当前大学生职业生涯规划存在的问题与解决方案

大学生就业难问题已经成为社会普遍关注的热点,解决就业难的主要方式之一是要做好大学生的职业生涯规划。当前,大学生职业生涯规划中存在的问题从表象看是源于大学生自身职业规划的缺失,而深层原因在于高校缺乏大学生职业生涯规划方面系统性与长期性的工作。强化大学生职业生涯规划,必须从大学生个人与高校、社会多个层次进行改进,全面解决大学生职业生涯规划中存在的问题,以促进当前大学生就业。