驰名商标司法认定中存在的问题及对策

近年来,新增的驰名商标大多数是通过司法认定获得的,只有少数是由行政认定而取得。我国各级人民法院依法认定了一定数量的驰名商标,保护了驰名商标权利人的合法权益。但同时也暴露出司法实践中驰名商标认定存在的一些问题,本文提出解决问题的相应对策,以实现保护驰名商标的最终目的。     

论人民法院对行政立法的审查

人民法院是中国的审判机关,同时也行使国家司法监督权。人民法院对行政权的监督主要是通过司法审查的形式来实现的。但目前在中国行政立法享有司法豁免权,这就使行政法治成为一句空话。从美国的司法实践来看,将中国的行政立法纳入司法审查的范围是十分必要的。要想真正实现行政法治,首先应在立法上明确规定人民法院对行政立法的司法审查权;其次要明确司法审查中人民的审查要件、审查对象及审查标准;最后要提高法院的在司法审查中的地位和司法上的独立性。     

准公共产品竞争性供给改革分析框架——兼论我国公共产品改革思路

准公共产品供给纵向一体化的政府垄断是公共产品供给的主要问题,问题的解决需依赖竞争性供给改革。对准公共产品竞争性供给改革可以按“两层分解,多元竞争”的思路进行:打破准公共产品供给高度纵向一体化的供给模式,将供给过程分解成不同的亚过程和环节;在不同的亚过程和环节开放进入、引进竞争者,形成多元竞争的供给模式。     

The demand for judicial sanctions: voter information and the election of judges

We examine 20 partisan judicial elections over an 8-year period to determine whether judge specific information shows in election results. We find demand for judicial sanctions looks much like other voting processes. Among voters, Democratic incumbent judges, who tend to be lenient, are rewarded for being harsh, while Republican incumbent judges, who generally are harsh, are rewarded for being lenient. Voters are not found to be a random sample of the population, and we find that straight ticket votes obscure information from selective voters. This paper benefitted from comments received by participants at the Public Choice Meetings, and from useful comments from Aimee Chin, Janet Kohlhase, an anonymous referee and the editor.     

Do judges react to the probability of appellate review? Empirical evidence from trial court procedures

The appellate review system is intended to serve as an efficient remedy for imperfect judicial decision making. However, it can fulfil this task only when appeals are ex ante unpredictable to the judge, and thus can be expected to occur primarily in case of a bad verdict. Using data from case records of a German trial court, we show that the probability of appeal can be predicted based on easily observable exogenous factors. Controlling for the complexity of a legal case, we find that judges also tend to decrease their effort when the ex ante probability of appeal is low. Thus, our empirical evidence indicates an inefficiency in the appellate review system because trial judges allocate their effort to cases not exclusively according to case complexity, but particularly according to the ex ante probability of being reviewed.     

Creditor protection,judicial enforcement and credit access

We investigate the impact of the legal system on whether firms obtain the credit they apply for or not. Data comprise unique information provided directly by 48,590 firms from 11 European countries. We look at the strength of creditor protection, the strength of property rights, the time taken to resolve a dispute, the dispute resolution process’s costs and the number of procedures the plaintiff faces using data provided by the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation. The results suggest that the more efficient the judicial enforcement system is, and the higher the creditor protection is, the lower the probability that the firms are partially or totally denied credit. Our results are robust to selection bias (Heckman selection) as well as different controls and different estimation techniques. We find that these variables have considerable economic impact: the probability of obtaining credit is up to 40% higher in countries with more robust legal systems.     

治理证券犯罪的政策定位与模式选择——以《刑法修正案六》为分析视角

从证券犯罪的发展态势看,采取“严厉”的刑事政策非常必要。对征券犯罪施以严厉的刑事政策,符合刑法谦抑性与刑法经济性,不违背宽严相济刑事政策。“严厉”主要体现在三个层面：扩大证券犯罪范围,严密刑事法网;修改证券犯罪的刑罚配置,强化刑罚的严厉性;刑法干预应及时与确定,严格执法力度．     

Trips中临时措施在我国知识产权司法保护中的适用性

知识产权为我们带来财富和利益,因此各国都不断加强对知识产权的保护。司法保护是知识产权保护最有利也是最公正的方式。为分析临时措施在我国的适用情况,通过案件分析,Trips协议中临时措施的规定与我国相关法律规定的对比,虽然我国已按照"入世"承诺,在法律规定中增加了临时措施的规定,但在法律规定和适用上还存在一些条款规定零散等问题。诉前临时措施,关系着申请人和被申请人的重大利益,法院应当谨慎处理,以真正体现出实施临时措施的意义。     

关于完善现行司法监督体制的思考

要维护法律尊严,实现司法公正,就必须建立和完善法律监督体制。人大对司法的监督。司法机关内部的监督、新闻舆论的监督、人民对法律的监督,既有成就,也存在明显地缺陷,需要我们进一步加以完善。     

人民法院司法警察职权行使现状调研报告——以陕西省人民法院司法警察职权行使情况为例

通过对陕西省高级人民法院、西安市中级人民法院、西安市雁塔区、灞桥区、碑林区人民法院等三级法院实地考察调研,现实地反映了以上三级人民法院司法警察职权使用与实施的基本现状。对现实中存在的若干问题进行分析,特别是对现行司法警察体制从法律层面和法理层面进行客观地解剖和一定深度的论证,其结论对解决现实问题具有参考意义。