抽象行政行为必将纳入司法审查范围

在我国,抽象行政行为一直被排除到司法审查范围之外。在当前修改《行政诉讼法》的大背景下,将抽象行政行为司法审查范围是其中重要的一步。文章力图从现有的司法理论和实践中找到将抽象行政行为纳入到司法审查范围的种种理由。     

信用评级业的专家责任问题

传统上,美国信用评级机构主张评级报告属于涉及公共利益的意见,援引宪法第一修正案进行抗辩。作为金融征信的重要内容,信用评级业在未来可能引发一系列专家责任案件,而现今中国法律体系对于专家责任的规定不健全。虽然专家责任的法律属性还需要进一步讨论,但是目前更重要的是先处理专家责任。中国法院在处理信用评级引发的案件时,可以借鉴美国的司法判例,以信用评级报告在商事交易中的作用认定专家责任的大小。     

法治的内涵延伸与推进司法改革——对十八大报告中“法治精神”的品读

党的十八大报告中除了直接论及“法治”的段落外,法治精神贯穿全篇。法治既是一种宏观治国方略,又是微观治国理政的具体制度要求,所以执政党对“社会主义法治”内涵的理解和建设也历经了从“宏观方略的确立”到“具体制度的展开”的过程。司法制度改革是法治进程中的必然要求。依照“法治”和科学发展观的精神,当前我国司法制度改革的目的应是建构满足人民需求的司法制度。     

经济全球化对发展中国家经济主权的冲击和挑战

经济全球化的浪潮席卷全球,对于发展中国家来说经济全球化是一把双刃剑。发展中国家要特别注意的是经济全球化对于国家经济独立权和立法权的影响。正确分析这些影响因素所在,才能为国家经济安全提供最基本的保证。     

Expansive agendas and weak instruments: governance related conditionalities of international financial institutions

China’s more than ten thousand economic zones, while similar in some respects to those found elsewhere, exhibit various unique features. In most developing economies, zones are the responsibility of the central administration and are designed to promote exports or foreign investment. In contrast, the Chinese zones are built and run by local governments and need not involve foreign investment or exports. We argue that the Chinese zone policy is best understood as part of a drive for economic reform, and that its unique features serve to defuse potential resistance from local cadres, whose interests are not served by reform.     

法律援助：医患纠纷解决的合力方式

医疗工作中因多种原因医患纠纷不可能完全避免。处理医患矛盾需要法律调整、人文关怀和危机公关,而法律援助有机地把普法工作、人道主义、政府形象塑造与司法公信力融合在一起,形成解决医患纠纷的合力方式。     

New development: The courts and multi-level governance—some comparative perspectives on the emerging jurisprudence of the UK Supreme Court

In federal systems the courts are accorded the important role of policing the boundaries of the constitutionally specified powers given to the legislature and the executive. The devolution statutes enacted by the UK parliament have created a semi-federal system, in which the courts increasingly have been called upon to adjudicate on whether sub-national legislative bodies have acted ultra vires. Following a comparative overview of the theory and practice of court adjudication in overseas systems of multi-level governance, the leading cases of the British Supreme Court and the House of Lords are considered. It is proposed that Britain—almost by default—has become a semi-federal court somewhat akin to the US Supreme Court and the German Bundesverfassungsgericht.     

Judicial independence and economic freedom in the US states

This article addresses the extent to which differences in judicial independence across US states influence economic freedom by using the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of North America Index. Overall, the results suggest that, as judicial independence increases within a state’s court of last resort, so does a state’s overall economic freedom score, along with each of the subcomponent index scores. These findings add important nuances to the literature and provide opportunities for future research.     

浅析判前赔偿从轻、减轻处罚制度

判前赔偿从轻、减轻处罚制度是通过调解、真诚悔过、积极赔偿等方式,促进被害方与犯罪人之间的和解,恢复被损害的社会关系,有利于和谐结案。但是,在没有相关司法制度保证的前提下,被告人可能以不赔偿来要挟被害方,要求判前赔偿从轻、减轻处罚,否则不赔。为了在实现该制度功利目的的同时不损害司法公正,应该建立对被告财产进行保全和有效追索的机制、国家对刑事被害人的补偿机制以及明确判前赔偿从轻、减轻处罚的适用条件。     

有关行政诉讼受案范围“三权”问题的简述

行政诉讼受案范围标志着司法权、行政权的界限和关系,反映着公民、法人和其他组织受法律保护的范围,其实质上是司法权、行政权、公民权①权衡牵制之下的结果,具有明显的独特性。