The influence of business strategy on new product activity: The role of market orientation

In this paper, we propose that business strategy influences new product activity both directly and indirectly via its influence on market orientation. Accordingly, we develop a framework linking firms' relative emphasis on cost leadership, product differentiation and focus strategies to firms' customer and competitor orientation as well as their new product development and introduction activity. We use this framework to develop a simultaneous equations model that is tested on survey data from 175 Dutch firms of varying size and across different industries in the manufacturing sector. The surprising findings are that a greater emphasis on a focus strategy results in a decreased emphasis on customer orientation and that competitor orientation has a negative direct influence on new product activity and an indirect positive effect via customer orientation. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and practice.     

Day trading and stock price volatility

When an investor buys and sells the same stock on the same day, he is said to have made a day trade. Using the trading records of Finnish traders, this paper examines whether day trading is related to volatility of stock prices. I find a strong positive time-series relation between the number of day trades by individual investors and intraday volatility among heavily day traded stocks. This effect is robust after controlling for a previously documented volume–volatility relation. The result suggests that the joint hypothesis of price pressure and volatility induced day trading dominates the liquidity effects of day trading.     

加快实施知识管理促进传统企业向学习型组织转化

作为企业管理创新的一种成果——知识管理，在知识经济时代更加激烈的市场竞争和经营环境更为不确定性情况下，发挥了重要的作用。随着知识管理时代的到来，企业知识管理被提到议事日程，而又即将成为管理学一个热门的前沿领域，本文重点从知识管理和组织学习两方面，结合中国企业的发展和管理情况，系统地阐述了知识经济条件下企业的学习，并指出建设学习型组织中应注意到的一些问题。     

试论企业知识管理体系

知识管理虽然早就从理论上和技术上受到注意,但人们很少讨论在实际中如何使知识得到更有效地管理和利用。在当前这个知识管理的初级阶段,最适当的论题不是具体的管理策略,而是更高层面上的原则问题。当某一组织在有关知识管理的一些原则上达到共识,具体的方法和计划就会在此基     

Relative export prices and firm size in imperfect markets

This paper contributes to the rising field in international trade and industrial organization. A vast sample of Italian micro data is used to study the behavior of relative export prices in imperfect markets. It is shown that relative export prices, the relation of prices a firm charges on export and domestic markets, are, in general, downward biased. Moreover, relative export prices depend negatively on firm size and market concentration, but positively on the average export share of the industry. This indicates that markets are segmented and firms are able to discriminate prices.     

论知识经济对传统会计模式的冲击

知识经济时代的到来，使会计领域出现了许多新问题，知识、信息资产作为一种无形资产在企业的生产经营过程中所占的比重越来越大，这些知识、信息资产及相关问题的出现，使我国传统的会计模式受到严重的冲击，本文从会计目标模式、会计信息质量特征模式、会计准则模式和会计教育模式等四个方面做些探讨。     

The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Auditor Expertise and Human Capital Development

Two critical aspects of the model of auditor expertise development in Tan and Libby [1997] are that audit firms do not value tacit knowledge in inexperienced auditors but do value it in experienced auditors. We update the former and extend the latter. Our paper predicts and finds that audit firms now do value tacit knowledge in inexperienced auditors, especially when their supervisors have higher tacit knowledge. Our proxies of value include higher promotability assessments, annual evaluations, and cash bonuses. Our paper also extends Tan and Libby [1997] by positing that enhanced development of expertise and audit firm human capital are two reasons audit firms value tacit knowledge in experienced auditors. As predicted, higher tacit knowledge in experienced auditors is positively associated with higher tacit knowledge acquisition by their inexperienced subordinates and with stronger firm commitment of inexperienced subordinates having higher tacit knowledge.     

三层委托代理关系下的高新技术中小企业知识型员工激励机制设计

如何有效地激励知识型员工是高新技术中小企业所面临的一个关键问题。在深入分析高新技术中小企业知识型员工激励影响因素后,借鉴委托代理理论并应用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,在已有文献的基础上放宽了假设条件,以便能更准确地反映高新技术中小企业的实际情况。企业所有者、团队主管、知识型员工之间是三层委托代理关系,讨论了非对称信息下企业、团队和员工均为风险中性,企业风险中性、团队和员工风险规避两种不同组合情况,分别设计出了有针对性的最优激励机制,并提出了结论与建议。     

Organizational knowledge and the manufacturing strategy process: A resource-based view analysis

The current competitive environment is characterized by new sources of information, new technologies, new management practices, new competitors, and shorter product life cycles, which highlights the importance of organizational knowledge in manufacturing companies. We integrate some of those knowledge-based approaches seeking to understand how aspects related to cross-functional orientation, new technologies, and increasing access to information affect manufacturing strategy. In this paper, “know-what” (where to find the needed information) and “know-how” (how to run operations smoothly) are considered key components of organizational knowledge in the process of manufacturing strategy formulation. Assuming that knowledge accumulation may lead to competitive advantage, we propose a model of manufacturing strategy process from a resource-based view perspective. We used a survey to collect field data from 104 companies. The results indicate that cross-functional activities integrate manufacturing knowledge and contribute to the creation of valuable and rare product characteristics.