Job protection,housing market regulation,and the youth

Young Europeans experience high unemployment rates, job instability, and late emancipation. Meanwhile, they do not support reforms weakening protection on long‐term contracts. In this paper, we suggest a possible rationale for such reform distaste. When the rental market is strongly regulated, landlords screen applicants with regard to their ability to pay the rent. Protecting regular jobs offers a second‐best technology to sort workers, thereby increasing the rental market size. We provide a model where nonemployed workers demand protected jobs despite unemployment and the share of short‐term jobs increases, whereas the individual risk of dismissal is unaffected. Our theory can be extended to alternative risks and markets involving correlated risks and commitment under imperfect information.     

三江源生态移民选择性及对三江源生态移民效果影响评析

将课题组2009年在青海省三江源地区5个移民村的调查数据和迁出区与迁入区的非移民数据进行对比,运用迁移差别指数对三江源生态移民的特征作了分析。由于是以家庭为单位的迁移,三江源生态移民在年龄、性别、文化程度、民族结构等方面的选择性不强,但生态移民的家庭规模却呈现普遍小于非移民家庭的特征,另外,生态移民迁移前草场面积和牛羊头数平均低于非移民家庭。这种选择特征不利于三江源生态移民工程保护三江源生态环境目标的实现。从今后的政策应对上提出了建议。     

The Gender Contract under Neoliberalism: Palestinian-Israeli Women's Labor Force Participation

This paper interprets the pressure to raise Palestinian-Israeli women’s labor force participation within the unfolding neoliberal project in Israel, arguing that women’s stalled workforce integration reflects embedded economic rationality. Poor infrastructure and discriminatory policies, combined with Israel’s rapid economic privatization, set contradictory expectations for Palestinian-Israeli women: their opportunity-cost calculations include entitlements to economic protection alongside obligations to provide expenditure-saving domestic labor. Yet growing pressure and desire to join the paid workforce suggest that the gender contract may be changing. This cultural schema, which links women’s economic strategizing to their sense of feminine propriety, is transforming as part of a broader transition to a market-led gender regime, with the paradoxical effect of encouraging women’s employment while simultaneously impoverishing them. By dwelling on the dialectics of culture and the structure of work opportunities, and women’s agency, this paper aims to resolves an impasse in the current debate on women’s low workforce participation.     

我国农村劳动力的就业意向选择分析——以统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区重庆市为例

农村劳动力的就业意向选择问题研究是对农村富余劳动力转移就业问题研究的进一步深化。该文以统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区重庆农村劳动力资源为主要研究对象,以其当前就业意向性选择为切入点,对影响农村劳动力当前就业意向的不同偏好因素进行分析,对其相关特征变量进行了详细的描述性统计分析,并采用多元Logit模型进行实证分析。研究结果表明,重庆山区农村劳动力当前就业意向存在着明显的性别差异,男性农村劳动力素质总体上优于农村女性劳动力,两者平均年龄仍较高,男性农村劳动力更倾向于外出务工或经商就业,但总体收入仍不理想。务农就业意向的农村劳动力与务工、自主创业或经商就业意向的农村劳动力相比,在年龄、耕地、收入等变量方面存在显著劣势差异。农村劳动力的人力资本、家庭禀赋和所在村劳动力人口数等变量对其不同的就业意向选择具有重要影响和显著差异。     

“Opt out” or kept out? The effect of stigma,structure, selection,and sector on the labor force participation of married women in India

Using the 61st and 68th rounds of National Sample Survey data, we investigate the role of stigma, the economy’s structure, potential selection bias, and sectoral differences in explaining the low labor force participation (LFP) of middle and secondary educated women in India relative to low‐ and high‐educated women (the “U‐shape”). Estimating LFP regressions on a sample of prime‐aged married women, we show that, controlling for background characteristics, if a woman’s husband works in a white‐collar job in a region with a high share of blue‐collar jobs, she is less likely to participate in the labor market (stigma). We also find a positive effect of an increase in an index of white‐collar job growth (structure) on married women’s LFP. These effects are present in both rural and urban sectors but are strongest in the rural sector. However, middle and secondary educated women are still found to have substantially lower LFP than low‐ and graduate‐educated women in both sectors. Indeed, over time, the U‐shape persists in the rural sector and deepens in the urban sector. Because unobservables are quite large in the urban sector, we use the method of instrumental variables and find an increasing return at middle levels but stagnation at higher levels.     

“三农”问题的症结及其化解逻辑

“三农”问题的集中表现是农民整体收入水平偏低,影响农民收入的根源在于农业效率低下。而较低的农业效率,一方面内生于农业特性所决定的可分工程度小,从而就业空间有限;另一方面外生于农业剩余劳动力转移的体制约束。因此,“三农”问题的主要症结在于农业劳动力的剩余与滞留。通过中心城镇的建设加快农业剩余劳动力的转移,通过职业教育提升农民的就业能力,通过分工深化来改善农业效率,是化解“三农”问题的三把钥匙。     

就业体制改革不应忽视内部劳动力市场

本文吸收了西方劳动经济学和企业理论的新成果，论述了内部劳动力市场的基本原理，重新审视了我国以往的就业体制改革思路及其成本与收益．提出发展内部劳动力市场是当前深化我国就业体制改革亟待解决的一个重要问题，并阐述了若干具体的操作思路。     

构建基于和谐劳动关系的我国人力资源管理新体系

和谐劳动关系作为社会关系和企业内部最基础、最广泛、最重要的关系,对社会和企业的和谐发展起着至关重要的作用。本文从转型时期我国劳动关系的特殊性角度出发,探讨了我国人力资源管理学科发展的特殊历程,依据和谐社会的必然要求和企业管理的目的与宗旨,提出了构建基于和谐劳动关系的我国人力资源管理新体系的总体思路,以期对我国人力资源管理的巨大发展有促进作用。     

农村转移劳动力就业质量实证研究--基于河北省的实证分析

如何进一步提高农村转移劳动力就业质量,事关国民经济健康顺利发展,同时也是确保我国城镇化建设顺利实施的关键。通过对河北省农村转移劳动力抽样调查的结果分析,发现经济发展水平、城乡二元体制、就业市场分割、就业歧视以及劳动者素质是影响农村转移劳动力就业质量提高的原因。要想确保农村转移劳动力就业质量不断提高,就必须让政府和企业共同发挥作用,转变就业理念,完善社保体系,发挥工会作用,健全工资增长机制等,从多角度入手来提高劳动者就业质量。     

Surplus Value Production and Realization in Marxian Theory – Applications to the U.S., 1990–2015

ABSTRACT

Marx's Capital shows that surplus value can be produced in one industry, yet realized as profit (and possibly revenue) by other industries over the course of circulation. This paper highlights the separation between surplus value production and realization in Marx's work, and develops a new method for estimating surplus value production at the industry level to trace out transfers of surplus value across industries. The framework is based on the ‘New Interpretation’ and links money value added to surplus value production at the industry level. Data on value added by industry for the U.S. are used to estimate surplus value production by industry. The analysis allows comparison of surplus value production and realization in each industry. The pattern of differentials between surplus value creation and realization across industries sheds light on the processes of capitalist competition and points to a source of instability for capitalist economies.