女性劳动力市场理论研究——明塞尔《劳动供给研究》一书述评

明塞尔的主要思想在两卷本的《雅各布.明塞尔论文集》中得到了充分体现。他的论著之一《人力资本》系统地发展了人力资本的理论基础与分析方法;另一部《劳动供给研究》则促进了现代劳动经济学研究体系和专业风格的形成。其中《劳动供给研究》一书对人力资本理论研究中的劳动力供给问题,尤其是妇女劳动力供给行为作了详细的讨论与分析。本文主要以此书为基础,着重于讨论女性劳动力供给理论和工资差别理论,最后联系我国女性劳动力的实际情况,提出该理论的现实意义。     

德国能源供需现状与问题分析

德国是世界上继美国、中国、俄罗斯和日本之后的第五大能源消费国,其自然资源相对贫乏。煤炭、石油、天然气、核能是支持德国经济生活的四大能源支柱,可再生能源亦得到了较大增长。尽管在优化能源结构、提高能源效率上取得了较大的进步,但德国仍然面临着一些能源问题,包括能源对外依存度高、核能发展陷入政治争斗、可再生能源有待进一步发展等。     

高校政府采购存在的问题及改进措施

目前,高等院校的教学仪器设备、基建工程和各类物资采购正逐步纳入政府采购范围,但是由于政府采购在我国实施时间不长,经验还比较欠缺,在实施过程中还存在一些问题.通过从政府采购国内现状入手,分析了高校实施政府采购存在的问题,提出了改进措施.     

网络柠檬问题的表现、影响及营销启示—消费者行为视角

柠檬问题是逆向选择问题在产品市场上的表现,与传统市场一样,网络市场上同样存在柠檬问题.本文从消费者行为的角度分析了网络柠檬问题的表现及影响,认为网络柠檬问题主要产生于企业向消费者传递信息、消费者信息搜集以及消费者处理信息三个过程中,网络柠檬问题阻碍了消费者购买意图到购买行为的转变,最后本文探讨了网络柠檬问题的营销学启示.     

哈尔滨市土地利用现状及存在问题

主要讨论了哈尔滨市土地利用的基本规律和特点．并针对其土地利用的现状提出了看法。     

甘肃农村居民消费：问题及对策建议

甘肃农村居民消费主要存在三个问题：一是农村居民消费在整个居民消费当中所占的比重一直处于下降状态;二是城乡居民消费水平差距越来越大;三是农村居民消费对于经济增长的贡献从1996年开始一直是处于下降状态。扩大甘肃农村居民消费主要应从以下几方面着手：一是以财政支出为突破口,引导社会资本投资于新农村建设;二是尽快建立与健全农村物价监控体系;三是加快农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移的速度;四是通过多种途径,促进农民增收,从而提高农村居民消费。     

远山的呼唤——中央10号文件发布后的福建集体林权制度改革现状

回顾了福建省集体林权制度主体改革的历程,主要经验有6个方面:依法依规,尊重历史,分类指导,以民为本,利益兼顾,稳定第一。福建省在开展主体改革的同时,还全面推进了以稳定一大政策、突出三项改革、完善六个体系为主要内容的配套改革。目前已在创新公益林管护机制推进林权抵押贷款和森林保险、改革商品林采伐管理制度、完善林业管理体系8个方面取得较大进展,对激活林业发展机制、推动林业产车发展、提高林农持续增收能力、促进社区和谐等方面初显成效。但也指出目前存在4个方面的问题尚需考虑予以解决。     

非公有制经济发展的前景、问题与对策

非公有制经济的发展面临大好的历史机遇 ,也存在一系列的问题 ,必须采取相应的对策加以规范、引导。     

The managed heart: The structural analysis of the stressor–strain relationship and customer orientation among emotional labor workers in Korean hotels

This study examined the structural relationships among three different dimensions of workplace stressors (customer-related stressor, CRS; work environment-related stressor, WERS; job-related stressor, JRS), negative affectivity (NA), emotional exhaustion (EE), and the negative effect of that strain on customer orientation (CO) in the context of the emotional labor (EL) of frontline employees in the hotel industry. Data were collected from self-administrated questionnaires distributed among frontline employees in room and F&B divisions in Korean deluxe tourist hotels, where EL is intense. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated a positive association between all three workplace stressors and NA and between NA and EE. There was also a relationship in the opposite direction with EE and CO, as hypothesized. The moderating effect of organizational level on the workplace stressors–NA relationships was also confirmed. In addition, in an alternative model, we found that NA partially mediates the relationship between JRS and EE; whereas, NA fully mediates the relationships between CRS/WERS and EE. Practical implications are discussed in detail and limitations of the study and future research directions are also suggested.     

When we are onstage,we smile: The effects of emotional labor on employee work outcomes

A growing body of literature has confirmed the deleterious effects of emotional labor on service employees. The study adds to it by investigating two hypothesized antecedents to emotional labor; affectivity and empathy which is conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct composed of emotional contagion and empathic concern. It also examines the impact of emotional labor on job satisfaction and exhaustion. The results confirmed a two-dimensional structure of emotional labor, emotive dissonance, and emotive effort. Hospitality employees with higher positive affect tend to experience less emotive dissonance while individuals with higher negative affect exert more effort to enact emotional labor. A positive relationship was found between emotional contagion and emotive dissonance, and emotive effort and job satisfaction. The results also suggested a negative relationship between emotive effort and emotional exhaustion. An unexpected negative relationship was found between emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion. Managerial implications discuss training and acting techniques to more effectively manage employee emotional labor.