Malnutrition and Child Labor

In pre‐industrial and developing economies, it is common to find (i) entire families, including children, working together in family farms or urban factories; and (ii) a positive link between a person's consumption and her productivity. This paper argues that there is a natural reason for the concurrence of (i) and (ii). As a rule, households are characterized by intra‐household altruism: an increase in the income of an individual increases the consumption of all household members. Hence, when an employer pays an adult worker a high wage to enhance her productivity, part of it ends up augmenting her children's consumption and productivity. One way for the employer to prevent this leakage and internalize the externality is to employ the children as well. This explains the higher incidence of family labor in poor societies where (ii) is more likely to be true.     

受托责任下会计信息供需探析

会计信息反映企业价值运动的可计量的一种经济信息,是具有经济后果的。在新会计准则已明确会计报告以使用人为目标的受托责任下,会计信息需求就成为会计信息系统运行的重要依据。但作为信息提供方的管理当局,必然是维护自身的经济及社会利益最大化,有背离受托责任的强烈动机。为此,运用博弈论方法对博弈均衡进行推导,进而为量化规范上市公司会计信息供给以及对其监管问题提供依据。     

顶管施工技术在给排水工程中的应用

在城市建设过程中，不可避免要对城市管道及管线进行改造。当前大多城市的地下管线众多且复杂，相关的竣工资料不齐全、不规范或缺失，给开挖施工造成很大的困难，项管施工技术在很大程度上解决了这一难题。文章结合给排水工程实例，对顶管技术进行分析，总结出适合于实际施工的方法。     

逆杠杆操作嵌入国际供应链——中国加工制造业企业“走出去”参与国际竞争

在跨国公司利用杠杆效应掀起全球化浪潮的同时,也出现了反方向的逆杠杆操作。逆杠杆操作是深度嵌入国际供应链,参与国际竞争的一种重要策略。本文在对实践资料和有限理论研究分析总结的基础上,从理论上对逆杠杆操作的相关问题进行系统地总结论述,以期对理论研究及中国加工制造业企业参与国际竞争有所借鉴。     

中介视域中的农村劳动力转移

本文将中介理论引入农村劳动力转移分析中,寻找其内在制约因素,理出了三条一级中介和两条二级中介：农村劳动力转移的合理性、农民素质提高和国外经验;培训和教育培训体系.分析了这些中介对农村劳动力转移的联系功能和阻隔功能,为整合推动转移的各种力量、勾划解决问题的方案提供了依据.     

中俄毗邻地区劳务合作的现状、制约因素及策略

随着世界经济一体化的深入和加强,生产要素在国家间的流动更为频繁,劳动力作为一种非常重要的生产要素在国家间的流动与在世界经济一体化中发挥着越来越重要的作用,为具有充分地缘优势和经济互补优势的中国东北和俄罗斯远东的发展提供了广阔的空间。但双方对经济技术发展,在法律保障、税费种类、办事程序及劳务合作等方面还存在着诸多的制约因素,应本着互惠互利、双赢的原则,采取正确的发展策略,促进经济合作的腾飞。     

铁路果蔬运输中物流组织模式研究

本文通过对近年来我国果蔬主要运输分布统计分析，运用物流和供应链管理的理念对铁路果蔬运输市场的特点和发展进行研究，探索形成铁路果蔬运输中集散物流组织的基本模式内容。     

Agility index in the supply chain

To achieve a competitive edge in the rapidly changing business environment, companies must align with suppliers and customers to streamline operations, as well as working together to achieve a level of agility beyond individual companies. Consequently, agile supply chains are the dominant competitive vehicles. Embracing agile supply chain requires asking some important questions, namely: what exactly is agility and how can it be measured? Moreover, how can agility be effectively achieved and enhanced? Due to the ambiguity of agility assessment, most measures are described subjectively using linguistic terms. Thus, this study develops a fuzzy agility index (FAI) based on agility providers using fuzzy logic. The FAI comprises attribute’ ratings and corresponding weights, and is aggregated by a fuzzy weighted average. To illustrate the efficacy of the method, this study also evaluates the supply chain agility of a Taiwanese company. This evaluation demonstrates that the method can provide analysts with more informative and reliable information for decision.     

How should Central Banks determine and control their bank note inventory?

This paper looks at a relatively unresearched but important area in money and banking – namely the provision of currency by the Central Bank. One of the most important functions of Central Banking is the provision of liquidity to the economy. However, in fulfilling this function, Central Banks have to be prepared for unexpected money demand shocks as well as production, transportation and cost of capital constraints. The paper develops a dynamic cost minimizing note inventory model that solves for the Central Bank’s optimal note order size and frequency. As part of the modeling exercise a value at risk model is used to solve for an inventory “cushion.”     

强化农电安全培训的思考与探索

介绍了以往农电安全培训工作存在的一些问题及创新安全培训工作的思路,并提出了一些主要的作法。