劳动力市场分割理论及其中国现实问题综述

从劳动力市场发展历史来看,劳动力市场的分割一般分为两种情形:一种是横向的劳动力市场分割,另一种是纵向的劳动力市场分割。文章针对中外学者对此的不同看法及其现实问题展开讨论,试图对劳动力市场分割理论及其在中国的问题进行小结和思考。     

初次分配领域中效率与公平关系的思考

正确把握初次分配领域中效率与公平的关系,是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键环节。在初次分配领域中,效率与公平的关系在逐步走向合理化的同时,也还存在一定的缺陷,需要进一步调控和完善。初次分配中效率与公平关系变革的形成有着特定的时代背景,当经济进入新的发展时期,新的问题、矛盾随之产生,只有科学合理的分配体制才能够保证经济持续稳定又快又好的发展。     

Marx,Sraffa, and Surplus: Observations Prompted by Garegnani (2018)

ABSTRACT

In a posthumously published article, Pierangelo Garegnani (2018. ‘On the Labour Theory of Value in Marx and in the Marxist Tradition.’) depicts Marx’s project in Capital as that of ‘developing systematically the theory of Ricardo and [the] implications of social conflict’ implied by Ricardo’s ‘surplus approach to value and distribution’. This paper argues to the contrary that Marx’s theory of surplus value and exploitation differs from (neo-)Ricardian surplus theory in fundamental ways, and modifies Garegnani’s simple Sraffian model to illustrate the distinctive implications of Marx’s theory.     

Labor Unions and Forms of Corporate Liquidity

We examine how the presence of labor unions affects a firm's choice of corporate liquidity between bank lines of credit and corporate cash holdings. We find that firms in industries with higher unionization rates hold a higher fraction of corporate liquidity in the form of bank lines of credit. We divide the firms into sub‐groups and find that this positive relationship holds for firms that are not in a state with right‐to‐work legislation and for firms that are financially constrained. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a firm chooses the forms of corporate liquidity to take advantage of the bargaining benefits associated with bank lines of credit.     

企业社会责任与和谐劳动关系构建

结合以SA8000标准为代表的企业社会责任运动,本文将企业的成本收益纳入分析框架,通过动态最优化博弈模型考察SA8000是否有利于改善我国转型期较紧张的企业劳动关系。研究表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,我国企业缺乏改善劳动关系的动力;SA8000的影响力、国外企业的劳动关系投入等与改善劳动关系呈正相关,而通过SA8000认证的费用与其负相关;企业利润与改善劳动关系之间并非绝对的不相容,在保证企业利润的前提下,SA8000有利于改善我国企业劳动关系。     

女性劳动力市场理论研究——明塞尔《劳动供给研究》一书述评

明塞尔的主要思想在两卷本的《雅各布.明塞尔论文集》中得到了充分体现。他的论著之一《人力资本》系统地发展了人力资本的理论基础与分析方法;另一部《劳动供给研究》则促进了现代劳动经济学研究体系和专业风格的形成。其中《劳动供给研究》一书对人力资本理论研究中的劳动力供给问题,尤其是妇女劳动力供给行为作了详细的讨论与分析。本文主要以此书为基础,着重于讨论女性劳动力供给理论和工资差别理论,最后联系我国女性劳动力的实际情况,提出该理论的现实意义。     

甘肃农村居民消费：问题及对策建议

甘肃农村居民消费主要存在三个问题：一是农村居民消费在整个居民消费当中所占的比重一直处于下降状态;二是城乡居民消费水平差距越来越大;三是农村居民消费对于经济增长的贡献从1996年开始一直是处于下降状态。扩大甘肃农村居民消费主要应从以下几方面着手：一是以财政支出为突破口,引导社会资本投资于新农村建设;二是尽快建立与健全农村物价监控体系;三是加快农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移的速度;四是通过多种途径,促进农民增收,从而提高农村居民消费。     

The managed heart: The structural analysis of the stressor–strain relationship and customer orientation among emotional labor workers in Korean hotels

This study examined the structural relationships among three different dimensions of workplace stressors (customer-related stressor, CRS; work environment-related stressor, WERS; job-related stressor, JRS), negative affectivity (NA), emotional exhaustion (EE), and the negative effect of that strain on customer orientation (CO) in the context of the emotional labor (EL) of frontline employees in the hotel industry. Data were collected from self-administrated questionnaires distributed among frontline employees in room and F&B divisions in Korean deluxe tourist hotels, where EL is intense. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated a positive association between all three workplace stressors and NA and between NA and EE. There was also a relationship in the opposite direction with EE and CO, as hypothesized. The moderating effect of organizational level on the workplace stressors–NA relationships was also confirmed. In addition, in an alternative model, we found that NA partially mediates the relationship between JRS and EE; whereas, NA fully mediates the relationships between CRS/WERS and EE. Practical implications are discussed in detail and limitations of the study and future research directions are also suggested.     

When we are onstage,we smile: The effects of emotional labor on employee work outcomes

A growing body of literature has confirmed the deleterious effects of emotional labor on service employees. The study adds to it by investigating two hypothesized antecedents to emotional labor; affectivity and empathy which is conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct composed of emotional contagion and empathic concern. It also examines the impact of emotional labor on job satisfaction and exhaustion. The results confirmed a two-dimensional structure of emotional labor, emotive dissonance, and emotive effort. Hospitality employees with higher positive affect tend to experience less emotive dissonance while individuals with higher negative affect exert more effort to enact emotional labor. A positive relationship was found between emotional contagion and emotive dissonance, and emotive effort and job satisfaction. The results also suggested a negative relationship between emotive effort and emotional exhaustion. An unexpected negative relationship was found between emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion. Managerial implications discuss training and acting techniques to more effectively manage employee emotional labor.