农业劳动力转移入发达地区的主要阻碍因素分析

农业劳动力转移主要受就业概率、城乡收入差距、公共服务成本等因素影响。在我国,农业劳动力的转移呈现出速度快、规模大、流入发达地区的趋势明显等特点。现阶段,农业劳动力转移入发达地区的主要障碍并不是制度因素,而是工业化中期向后期过渡中产业结构和劳动力结构调整的动态契合问题。为此,我们需要根据工业化、城镇化和区域经济的变动趋势,采取一系列的相应措施。     

试论构建非公企业和谐劳动关系

在公有制为主体的条件下发展非公有制经济,是社会主义初级阶段生产力发展的客观要求.但是,在现实劳动关系中,非公企业不法经营、欺压劳工相当普遍,克扣、拖欠工资并造成企业员工的合法权益受侵犯的问题在某些地方还相当严重.在激烈的市场竞争中,是否构建和谐劳动关系,直接关系非公企业核心竞争力以及自身的生存与发展.构建非公企业和谐劳动关系,对于非公企业实现法治管理,以及发挥行业自律作用都有推进作用.非公企业劳动关系和谐模式的构建,可以划分为精神层、制度层和物质层.应从以下方面把握:建设和谐文化,培育和谐精神;诚实守信,不为欺诈行为;符合利益相关者的利益,实行民主管理;管理者与被管理之间相互尊重,以人为本;依靠和谐理念,增强管理的非权力影响.     

Does a lower (higher) labour force participation rate imply greater (lower) income tax evasion? An exploratory empirical inquiry for the U.S.

This exploratory study seeks to add to the income tax evasion literature by investigating a heretofore ignored potential determinant of aggregate federal personal income tax evasion in the U.S., namely, the labour force participation rate. It is hypothesized that the higher (lower) the labour force participation rate, the lower (greater) the degree of tax evasion. The empirical estimation supports this hypothesis, finding that a one unit (one percentage point) increase (decrease) in the labour force participation rate leads to a 9.1% decrease (increase) in income tax evasion. Thus, the declining labour force participation in recent years implies increased tax evasion problems for the U.S.     

调整优化经济结构 促进发展方式转变

调整和优化经济结构,促进经济发展方式转变是长期而艰巨的战略任务,要考虑多方面因素,制定长期目标和阶段性目标。调整和优化经济结构,转变经济发展方式既要依靠政府政策,更要发挥市场配置资源的基础作用。     

Men at work. Wages and industriousness in southern Sweden 1500–1850

ABSTRACT

In his classic works on the industrious revolution, Jan de Vries argues that demand for new consumer goods trigged eighteenth century Europeans to work more. This implies that industrious behaviour and new consumption patterns were two parallel and interdependent processes that preceded the industrial revolution. However, there is an alternative explanation for any increase in labour output on household level, namely that the labourers were forced to work more to meet ends. An indication of this could be that day labourers’ relative wages decreased over time. In this article, we investigate this by studying wages from annual and casual labour in southern Sweden and compare their levels with consumption baskets.     

“商业劳动创造价值”的现代分析

商业劳动包括附带的生产性劳动、纯商业劳动以及管理性、开发性商业劳动,其中开发性商业劳动是最高级的商业劳动。商业劳动能否创造价值需要具体问题具体分析,对经营的单个商品来说,对商业企业的价值总量来说,有创造价值和不创造价值之分;从社会再生产全过程来讲,所有的商业劳动都是创造价值的。因此,"商业劳动创造价值"的命题且具有重大、深远的实践意义。     

The restructuring of the Spanish integrated steel industry in the European panorama (1971–86): A lost opportunity

Spanish steelmaking policy in the 1970s and early 1980s was not especially different from that of the main European countries. The political transition was a tense experience that heightened the problems and made economic policy decisions harder to reach, but it did not cause a fundamental divergence from the rest of Europe. What made the steel restructuring policy fail and forced a new and costly restructuring in the 1990s, was the decision of the Socialist government, newly elected in 1982, to opt for maintaining the inland steelworks instead of the coastal steelworks. Its motives were related to the locations of these steelworks in socially and politically sensitive areas. The closure of Sagunto marked the end of the only real possibility of Spain having a competitive integrated steelworks in terms of its integration into Europe.     

Does forced migration increase regional human rights commitment? The cases of Malaysia and Thailand in ASEAN

ABSTRACT

Why do non-democratic governments commit to human rights on a regional level? We argue that the negative externalities of political repression, operationalized as large amounts of transnational refugee flows, affect states’ willingness to commit to human rights. Neighbouring governments commit to human rights to send a signal to their repressive neighbours that repression will no longer be tolerated. We use official UNCHR data, a number of other secondary sources, as well as congruence analysis and process tracing to demonstrate the relevance of the theory for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Malaysia and Thailand in particular.