基于基尼系数的耕地保有量分配优化模型

为了确保粮食安全,我国政府强调18亿亩耕地红线坚决不能突破,但未提出耕地保有量在各个地区如何进行公平分配。针对此问题,借鉴基尼系数,构建我国耕地保有量公平分配的优化模型。以2010年各省（市、自治区）的耕地保有量公平分配为例,利用各地区现有耕地面积数据,选取各地区人口、二三产业产值、粮食产量、农用地面积、水资源总量、≥10℃年积温、太阳辐射作为指标,结合各地区粮食自给率与后备耕地资源,构建基于基尼系数的耕地保有量分配优化模型,利用Lingo软件求出模型最优解并结合GIS技术绘制各地区耕地面积增减比例图。根据优化后耕地面积增减量占现有耕地面积的比例,我国各地区耕地面积需要调整情况可以分为五类：耕地削减区、耕地保持区、耕地小幅度增加区、耕地中幅度增加区、耕地大幅度增加区。结论表明,基于基尼系数的耕地保有量分配结果既公平又可行,可为耕地保护提供借鉴。     

土地储备与城市经营的融合、互动与协调

从历史、经济和政策等角度入手,分析了土地储备和城市经营所产生的背景,并阐明了当前土地储备和城市经营融合的经济意义,进而明确了土地储备在城市经营进程中的机构和功能定位。并以南京市土地储备实践为例,印证了土地储备在政府城市经营中大有可为,分析并提出了储备运作过程中的风险和规避机制,以及土地收储过程中土地收益如何合理分配的问题。最后,结合我国发展的实际情况,提出完善土地储备制度的设想。     

城市住宅用地空间扩张机制与调控对策

城市住宅用地空间扩张的必然性与土地资源的稀缺性这一对矛盾,在城市化进程迅速推进的今天显得尤为尖锐,如何实现城市居民居住质量的提高与城市土地资源的可持续利用成为迫切需要解决的问题。文章总结了我国当前城市住宅用地扩张的特点,从经济、制度、技术以及人为干预四个方面对我国当前城市住宅用地空间扩张机制进行了解析,并对城市住宅用地空间扩张过程所出现的问题提出了相关调控措施。     

The future of farming: The value of ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable land. An experimental approach

In the current work, a novel, experimental ‘bottom-up’ approach is used to quantify the economic value of ecosystem services (ES) associated with highly modified arable landscapes in Canterbury, New Zealand. First, the role of land management practices in the maintenance and enhancement of ES in agricultural land was investigated by quantifying the economic value of ES at the field level under organic and conventional arable systems. This quantification was based on an experimental approach in contrast with earlier value transfer methods. Total economic value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $1610 to US $19,420 ha^− 1 yr^− 1 and that of conventional fields from US $1270 to US $14,570 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. The non-market value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $460 to US $5240 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. The range of non-market values of ES in conventional fields was US $50 — 1240 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. There were significant differences between organic and conventional fields for the economic values of some ES. Next, this economic information was used to extrapolate and to calculate the total and non-market value of ES in Canterbury arable land. The total annual economic and non-market values of ES for the conventional arable area in Canterbury (125,000 ha) were US $332 million and US $71 million, respectively. If half the arable area under conventional farming shifted to organic practices, the total economic value of ES would be US $192 million and US $166 million annually for organic and conventional arable area, respectively. In this case, the non-market value of ES for the organic area was US $65 million and that of conventional area was US $35 million annually. This study demonstrated that arable farming provides a range of ES which can be measured using field experiments based on ecological principles by incorporating a ‘bottom-up’ approach. The work also showed that conventional New Zealand arable farming practices can severely reduce the financial contribution of some of these services in agriculture whereas organic agricultural practices enhance their economic value.     

我国自然保护区生态旅游初探

生态旅游是自然保护区可持续发展的必由之路。我国自然保护区面积广大,数量众多,类型多样,生态旅游资源丰富,发展生态旅游的条件得天独厚。在自然保护区生态旅游开发中应遵循保护与开发并重、三大效益组合最佳、统一规划、合理布局、重点开发、协调发展等原则。要研究和制定出全国自然保护区生态旅游发展战略,建立生态旅游示范区,进行合理分区,合理规划生态旅游景区,协调生态旅游自然环境保护与社区发展的旅游行为。在产品开发中,要努力开发和推广绿色旅游产品。同时,还应进一步加大旅游管理力度等,以实现对自然保护区的旅游资源及其环境的有效利用和保护以及旅游业的可持续发展。     

永康市副中心城镇绿色空间系统规划探索

城市绿色空间系统规划是城市规划的重要方面,也与城市形象息息相关。文章以浙江省永康市副中心城镇为例,探讨城镇密集地区绿色空间系统规划的内容及方法,主要包括城镇污染综合防治、总体布局及景观规划三个方面的内容。     

高密度开发城市土地利用对交通系统的影响作用研究--以广州为例

Recently the study on the mutual relationship between urban transport and land use has been one of the hot subjects in the fields of urban geography, urban transport planning and urban planning. This paper tires to carry out some methods, such as multi-analysis statistics method to specify the impacts of urban land use on urban transport system. Firstly,the choice of urban transport road network affected by the characters of urban land use layout is discussed. Secondly, the promotion of urban public transportation affected by high-density concentrated land use pattern is demonstrated Thirdly, the impacts of urban city-size on transport system structure characters are expatiated. Finally, the impacts of urban master planning in Guangzhou on the layout of transport system are illustrated.     

互联网应用与创业绩效:社会资本的中介作用

借助社会资本理论,探究了与企业经营密切相关的互联网应用——信息获取与社交沟通如何通过社会资本积累对创业绩效产生影响。利用来自中国2432家创业企业的调研数据进行实证研究。结果显示:社会资本中的服务者联系对互联网应用的信息获取维度与创业绩效的关系起部分中介作用;社会资本中的参与者联系对互联网应用的社交沟通维度与创业绩效的关系起部分中介作用。     

新疆水资源承载力探析

新疆水资源制约着新疆的绿洲经济发展,分析水土资源之间的关系有助于合理配置水资源。本文通过水土资源之间的关系分析,估算了新疆水资源的承载能力,从而得出新疆水资源量是稳定且有潜力的,并且能够支撑新疆社会经济发展的结论。     

南京市人地关系合理性研究

随着我国城市化进程的加速，中心城市将会得到快速发展，大量的人口将会在中心城聚集，会使中心城市的人地矛盾变得越来越复杂。文章以南京市为例，对其进行分析研究和客观评价，确定城市用地与人口的合理关系，并提出相应的实施对策。