The equilibrium exchange rates of European currencies and the transition to euro

This study estimates the demand system using Japanese micro data and calculates the cost of living index (COLI) to assess the substitution bias in the Consumer Price Index. The estimated bias during the sample period of 1982–2000 is about 0.06 percentage points, which is larger than the estimates calculated from a superlative index. The difference between the COLI and a superlative index can be explained with the upward movements of the average utility level in Japan, since the cost of living for the rich has grown more rapidly than that for the poor.     

节假日期间县城道路交通现状浅析

节假日县城交通流量急剧增加,给交通管理部门带来了极大的挑战。节假日期间县城道路交通呈现出交通流量大、秩序混乱等特征。交通运输的系统性决定了交通问题的解决需要依靠各交通成分的和谐共处。为了更好的应对节假日县城交通流量剧增的挑战,基层交通管理部门可以从道路交通秩序的规范、交通总量的削减、道路通行能力的提升等几个方面开展针对性的工作,来保障节假日期间县城道路交通安全、畅通。     

A critique of Porter＇s cost leadership and differentiation strategies

Porter identifies high market share with cost leadership, citing GM as a successful practitioner of this strategy. However, GM became a market share leader in the American automobile industry due to a strategy of market segmentation, differentiation and a broad scope shaped during the 1920s. Porter argues that cost leadership and differentiation offer an equally viable path to competitive success. Nevertheless, a differentiation strategy based on superior quality compared to competition is more profitable than cost leadership strategy. It can lead a business to become a market share leader, and consequently even a low-cost leader. Research indicates that differentiation and cost leadership can co-exist. However, Porter insists that each generic strategy requires a different culture and a totally different philosophy. The problem is that Porter＇s generic strategies are too broad. It is not his logic that is flawed, but his basic premise that prescribes cost leadership strategy as the only route to market share leadership, and presents a narrow view of differentiation with a unique product--sold at a premium price--on the one hand, and a ＂standard, or no-frills＂ product on the other. Mintzburg （1988） says Porter＇s cost leadership strategy should be called ＂price differentiation＂： a strategy that is based on a lower price than that of the competition. He suggests that business strategy has two dimensions： differentiation and scope. Thus, setting scope aside, competitive strategy has only one component： differentiation. So, the key question is not whether to differentiate, but how？ First, make customer-perceived quality as the foundation of competitive strategy because it is far more critical to long-term success than any other factor. Second, serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment, offering better quality than the competition at a somewhat higher price. It is this path that can lead to market share leadership--a strategy that can be both profitable--and sustainable.     

Nonparametric fixed effects model for panel data with locally stationary regressors

We develop methods for inference in nonparametric time-varying fixed effects panel data models that allow for locally stationary regressors and for the time series length $T$ and cross-section size $N$ both being large. We first develop a pooled nonparametric profile least squares dummy variable approach to estimate the nonparametric function, and establish the optimal convergence rate and asymptotic normality of the resultant estimator. We then propose a test statistic to check whether the bivariate nonparametric function is time-varying or the time effect is separable, and derive the asymptotic distribution of the proposed test statistic. We present several simulated examples and two real data analyses to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed methods.     

The Role of Green Collaborative Strategies in Improving Environmental Sustainability in Supply Chains: Insights from a Case Study

This article aims to quantify to what extent collaborative strategies are more effective than internal or organization‐level actions to green supply chains. In this regard, the impact of decisions made at different stages of a supply chain in a product's carbon footprint is quantified. Organizational and product carbon footprints are calculated using the Compound Method Based on Financial Accounts (MC3). The results underline that concentrating reduction efforts in some stages of the supply chain is more effective than implementing individual actions by the participants. Collaboration among the participants is needed to decide what practices are implemented, at what stage they are needed and how they are to be implemented. This article adds to the literature on supply chains and sustainability. Previous research suggests that collaborative strategies have great potential for reducing the carbon footprint of products, while indicating the need for empirical research to support this statement. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

青少年感情教育缺失问题归因分析及应对策略

感情在生活和工作中起着重要的作用,是联系人与人之间的纽带和桥梁。完善青少年的情感世,是教育的重要目标之一,是实现教育目的的重要途径和方法。目前,对于青少年的感情投入可谓是方方面面的,但有的时候却收效甚微。关键是青少年感情缺失问题的原因应该引起我们的反思。因此,针对青少年在感情教育的投入存在的问题进行了归因,并提出了应对策略。学校、家长、教师对青少年的教育问题,只有找到问题的症结所在并有效地解决,我们才能更好地实施教育,才能为国家输送“合格”的人才,办好人民的教育事业。     

关于农村文化产业品牌发展的若干思考——兼谈益阳农村文化产业发展

农村文明需要文化,而文化繁荣是公共文化与文化产业的共同繁荣。文化产业的发展离不开文化产业品牌。发展农村文化产业,打造文化产业品牌具有重要意义。而目前农村文化产业的发展刚刚起步,其产业品牌的打造和使用现状不容乐观。打造农村文化产业品牌,要注意把握策略。     

非线性定价的福利再分配效应研究——基于非对称双寡头市场的分析

较之"线性定价","非线性定价"在社会福利方面的优势被现有理论反复证明。在肯定"非线性定价"方式能够改进社会总福利的同时,指出并不是每一个市场主体的福利水平都能够通过"非线性定价"方式得到改进。通过建立模型、计算和比较分析,提出了在上述两种情况下,"非线性定价"可能会对特定的市场主体产生"福利剥夺",从而出现福利再分配效应。     

国有产权改制中政府与投资人的均衡策略研究

本文简要回顾了国有产权改制的研究背景与意义，利用动态博弈的思想构建了政策与投资者博弈的动态均衡模型，并对双方博弈均衡应采取的策略进行了分析，进而提出推进国有产权改制的相关政策建议。