尼日利亚不同地区反刍动物市场定价行为研究

本文对尼日利亚牛羊市场的空间价格一体化程度进行了检验，试图运用双变量自回归时间序列模型验证寡头垄断市场上牛羊价格的非竞争性定价行为。论文分别对牛羊市场的合谋、歧视性、价格领袖和竞争性定价行为进行了经验性检验。结论表明，在牛羊价格形成中，博尔诺（Borno）和索科托（Sokoto）州的牛羊价格领先于克里斯河（CrossRiver）、依莫（Imo）、卡诺（Kano）、拉各斯（Lagos）、尼日尔（Niger）和奥约（Oyo）州这些地方市场的价格。有关证据也支持共谋定价一般与市场的集中有关的判断。     

Towards a sustainable and efficient use of manure in agriculture: The Dutch case

Rapid increases in livestock production in the Netherlands have changed manure from a valuable input into a mere waste product. This is especially true for the southern and eastern parts of the country, where specialized pig and poultry farms have concentrated on sandy soils. As these farms generally own very little land, they largely depend on imported feedstuffs. As a consequence, manure is applied to the land in such large quantities that serious environmental problems have resulted: (1) eutrophication of surface water by phosphate emissions; (2) pollution of groundwater by nitrate emissions; and (3) acidification by ammonia emissions.In the last few years the Dutch government has developed a manure policy to counteract these effects. Our analysis of that policy has revealed at least three fundamental defects, which render the manure policy ineffective and inefficient. In this paper proposals are made to remove the defects in current manure policy. Much attention is paid to the problem of designing a mixture of policy instruments which is both effective as well as efficient in limiting the environmental problems caused by manure. It is shown that the use of financial incentives in regulation can substantially improve the efficiency of the manure policy. Finally, the main economic consequences of the proposed policy are examined for the public sector as well as for the agricultural sector.     

畜禽养殖业废水处理技术研究与应用

针对我国畜禽养殖业废水污染日益严重的现状,介绍了畜禽废水还田利用、自然处理、工业化处理的优缺点以及国内外应用现状与研究的重点。并结合我国的实际情况,提出现阶段我国养殖业废水应重点发展还田利用技术与自然处理技术,及时建立畜禽废水处理设计数据库与编写设计规范。     

黑龙江省畜产品竞争力评估

黑龙江省是畜牧业大省，具有资源优势和地理优势，是中国十大牧区之一。然而，纵观全国其他省份，黑龙江省并不是畜牧业强省，在禽畜出栏存栏、畜产品产量等方面均处在全国中等水平；就出口而言，黑龙江省的畜产品在国际市场的占有份额也很少，可以说，黑龙江省的畜产品缺乏竞争力。文章利用综合优势指数法和出口倾向指数法对黑龙江省畜产品的竞争力进行定量分析，并针对存在的问题提出相应的对策。     

畜禽养殖企业循环经济发展的评价研究

基于对安徽省畜禽养殖企业的调研与深度访谈,选择两家典型性养猪企业为案例研究对象,在结合现有企业循环经济产业链的基础上,文章构建了畜禽养殖企业循环经济发展的评价指标体系,并应用基于网络层次分析法的模糊综合评价模型对两企业的循环经济发展水平进行了评价。结果表明,文章所建立的评价指标体系能够客观地反映企业循环经济发展水平;两企业评价水平的对比分析结果揭示了企业循环经济过程中相关环节的优劣势,为其循环经济的改进提供了量化依据,也为其它畜禽养殖企业循环经济发展的评价提供借鉴。     

我国少数民族地区畜牧业存在的问题及发展对策

经过新中国60多年的发展,我国少数民族地区畜牧业取得了巨大的成就,但同时也存在固有的问题。文章分析了民族地区牧业发展存在的主要问题,如资源利用的有限性以及信息交流的障碍,并指出了应通过发展特色、政府特殊扶持、产业化以及引导牧民定居和加大城镇化建设等方式,促进民族地区畜牧业经济的可持续发展。     

Potential of feed additives to improve the environmental impact of European livestock farming: a multi-issue analysis

Today, less than 3% of the 250,000 plant varieties available to agriculture are in use. Sources of (agricultural) biodiversity are under threat and disappearing in many regions. Increasing industrialisation of agriculture and top-down agricultural research have contributed to this dependence on a relatively few plant varieties. This article argues that new approaches to agricultural development research are needed to conserve agricultural diversity, improve crops, and produce food of quality for all. Such an approach should enable small farmers on marginal lands to participate as equal partners alongside agricultural scientists, fairly sharing their know-how, expertise and seeds. Three case studies illustrate how farmers and plant breeders are working together in a diversity of agro-ecological, socio-economic and political contexts to put these new approaches into practice. New forms of collaboration are producing an increase in diversity and a number of promising improved varieties in terms of yields, agronomic traits and taste. These varieties are showing better adaptation to the local environmental conditions without requiring extra external inputs. Long-term success requires that these efforts be backed up by supportive policies, by actions to ensure that policies are implemented, and where necessary by related legislation.     

An institutional and policy framework to foster integrated rice–duck farming in Asian developing countries

Asia has accounted for the vast majority of the world's rice and meat-duck production. In the integrated rice–duck farming (IRDF) system, ducklings are released into rice paddies in order to maximize the use of renewable resources in a closed-cycle flow of nutrients during rice vegetation periods. Rice–duck farming used to be widely adopted in tropical and subtropical eastern Asian countries, but has remained unpopular in the wake of prevailing agricultural productivism characterized by specialization, intensification, mechanization and excessive dependence on agrochemicals. This paper sets out institutional pathways that can redevelop IRDF in Asia. These include organic food certification systems, organic farmers' cooperatives, community-wide organic farming, localized technical extension and educational services, and between-farm rice–duck integration. A comprehensive package of these institutional tools would further expedite the expansion of IRDF particularly in low-income Southeast Asia where the rice or duck farming landscape is overwhelmingly dominated by smallholders.     

收入增长中城乡居民畜产品消费结构趋势实证研究——以浙江省为例

基于浙江省城乡居民固定观测点的调查数据,细分不同产品种类,采用扩展线形支出系统（ELES）模型,实证研究了收入增长过程中城乡居民畜产品消费结构的变动趋势。研究结果显示：随着人均收入的增加,浙江省城镇居民畜产品的消费变化主要表现为猪肉消费的减少及奶类消费的增加;农村居民对家禽类产品有较高的边际预算份额及较大的需求收入弹性。