知识分享的动机与途径研究述评

知识经济时代,有效的知识管理成为企业获取成功的关键,而知识分享则是成功的知识管理的核心.文章从知识分享的途径和动机两方面对相关研究成果进行了梳理与述评,构建了一个知识分享的整合性模型,并对未来研究进行了简要展望,以供后续相关研究参考.     

关于当前金融危机的几点思考

前这次金融危机的导火线是美国的次贷危机,直接原因是虚拟经济严重背离实体经济以及加速这种背离的美国的三大经济政策,而其根源在于诸种制度的弊病。     

Dispersed Trading and the Prevention of Market Failure: the Case of the Copenhagen Stock Exchange

With augmented demands on power grids resulting in longer and larger blackouts combined with heightened concerns of terrorist attacks, trading institutions and policy makers have widened their search for systems that avoid market failure during these disturbing events. We provide insight into this issue by examining trading behaviour at the Copenhagen Stock Exchange during a major blackout. We find that although market quality declined, markets remained functional and some price discovery occurred during the blackout period suggesting that the NOREX structure of interlinked trading systems combined with widely dispersed trading locations may be a viable means of protection against market failure during massive power disruptions or terrorist attacks.     

地区性行政垄断的经济增长效应

地区性行政垄断是指地方政府运用行政权力对市场竞争的限制和排斥,往往造成了要素价格扭曲,进而诱致地方保护和市场分割。本文基于一个经济增长模型,并将地区性行政垄断指数纳入该模型中,实证研究了地区性行政垄断对经济增长的影响以及这种影响在开放程度不同的地方会发生什么样的变化。结果表明,地区性行政垄断与经济增长呈倒U型关系,而且经济开放程度越高,地区性行政垄断越不利于经济增长。     

The Value of CEO Mobility: Contextual Factors That Shape the Impact of Prior CEO Experience on Market Performance and CEO Compensation

This study examines the value that prior CEO experience has for the companies that hire such CEOs—as reflected in the firms’ subsequent market‐based performance—as well as its value for the CEO that possesses this experience—as reflected in his or her initial compensation. While we suggest that shareholders tend not to benefit from firms hiring experienced CEOs, we also argue that particular firm and industry contextual factors that shaped the prior CEO experience help ameliorate this detrimental effect. Regardless, we also suggest that prior CEO experience generally stands to benefit the CEOs, in that it brings them a compensation premium over those CEOs without such prior experience. We tested our hypotheses on a sample of 654 US CEO succession events that occurred between 2001 and 2004 and found broad support for our hypotheses. We close with a discussion of the implications of our findings for future research as well as what they mean for firms hiring experienced CEOs and for CEO careers more generally. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

保险公司市场风险经济资本度量研究

经济资本(EC)是在既定期间和置信水平下,公司根据实际承担的风险计算的用以吸收非预期损失的资本额度,目前市场风险是整体经济资本测算体系中最为突出的风险.根据当前保险运营与资产投资的比例特征,同时对资产端与负债端建立市场风险投资模型,采用嵌套随机模拟方法进行两阶段情景生成,度量未来一年内不同风险测度下的市场风险经济资本需求,并对比不同情景数量下的测算稳定性.结果证明:随着内部或外部情景模拟次数的增加,市场风险经济资本测算结果对于极端风险的预测趋于稳定,在内外部情景数量乘积相同时运算时间基本一致.当内外部两阶段情景生成参数差异较大的情形下,应适当增加情景生成数量,以确保对于极端风险预测的准确性.     

Bond pricing in a hidden Markov model of the short rate

Abstract. We consider a diffusion type model for the short rate, where the drift and diffusion parameters are modulated by an underlying Markov process. The underlying Markov process is assumed to have a stochastic differential driven by Wiener processes and a marked point process. The model for the short rate thus falls within the category of hidden Markov models.     

Managerial actions and nominal stock price levels

We examine nominal and real stock prices and the sequential price pattern of stock dividends and stock splits. We find that the average stock price has been fairly stable over time except for two decades in the beginning and end of the twentieth century. Inclusion of these periods yield a decline over time which is generally consistent with the drop in price levels found by Chittenden et al. [2010. “A Note on Affordability and the Optimal Share Price.” Financial Review 45: 205–216]. In a multivariate setting, the frequency of stock dividends and stock splits is positively related to the frequency for these events the prior year and recent market return. In further tests of the price change we find a positive relationship to the median price change for stock dividends/splits and negatively to labour income growth for stock splits. These findings indicate that stock price reduction via stock dividends and splits attracts individual investors as income grows. One key conclusion is that the primary reason for any stock action, dividend or split, is to fit the ‘norm’ stock price level of the market.     

Macroeconomic shocks and stock market returns: the case of Korea

This study examines the effects of macroeconomic shocks on key macro variables, including stock market returns in Korea, using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. We suggest a three-variable SVAR model incorporating inflation, output growth and stock returns. We adopt a nonzero z-ratio restriction for the long-run identifying assumption to allow for economically meaningful relationships among variables. While our results support the negative (positive) relation of demand (supply) shocks to stock returns, we also find that demand shocks influence stock market variance more significantly than supply shocks do. The sub-period analysis finds that global market fluctuations during the global financial crisis have relatively little effect on Korean stock market performance. We also examine a generalized five-variable model that includes the foreign exchange rate and interest rate, confirming the results from the three-variable case.     

趸售业务分摊省级共用输配电网络费模型研究

输配电成本合理分摊是制定输配电价的基础。针对我国现阶段输配电业务中趸售电量比重较大的特点,研究趸售业务对省级共用输配电网络费的合理分摊问题;结合趸售电量输配特点,基于现有的省级共用输配电网络费分摊模型,建立了趸售业务对省级共用输配电网络费分摊模型;结合算例数据,验证了模型的可行性。