Political uncertainty and investments by private and state-owned enterprises

We study corporate investments around national elections in India. Investment rates drop by a nonsignificant 2.2% for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in election years. The decrease is significantly larger for private firms, which record an investment drop of 7.4%. The decrease in investment for private firms is likely attributable to political uncertainty. SOEs balance political uncertainty with the desire to woo voters who want government investments. Investments in election years are perceived positively for both private firms and for SOEs. Increased investment by SOEs and reduction in investment by private firms during election years are associated with improved investment efficiency.     

Multinationals from emerging economies: Strategies,challenges, and the way forward

Multinationals from emerging economies are relatively new players in the global economy. This Special Issue includes five articles that cover several important aspects of the market and nonmarket strategies pursued by emerging market multinational corporations (EMNCs). Given that only a few firms from emerging markets embrace the possibilities and challenges of going global, we highlight the need to examine country, industry, and firm level antecedents of the emergence of EMNCs. We also draw attention to the need to study the role played by immigrant populations in EMNC internationalization.     

An emerging market multinational Company's internationalization: From original equipment manufacturer to global brand leader

We examine an emerging market multinational company's (EMNC's) transformation from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to an original brand manufacturer (OBM) and global leader. Our longitudinal study of Hisense—China's largest TV company (and the world's third largest) spans three decades and involves detailed interviews with over 50 executives. We study how the company's global value chain network evolved, how it reconfigured its organization, upgraded its capabilities, and enhanced its brand reputation. We develop propositions that may contribute to improved explanations for an EMNC's internationalization sequence, development of competitive advantages, overseas management practices, and brand building.     

Model-free portfolio theory: A rough path approach

Based on a rough path foundation, we develop a model-free approach to stochastic portfolio theory (SPT). Our approach allows to handle significantly more general portfolios compared to previous model-free approaches based on Föllmer integration. Without the assumption of any underlying probabilistic model, we prove a pathwise formula for the relative wealth process, which reduces in the special case of functionally generated portfolios to a pathwise version of the so-called master formula of classical SPT. We show that the appropriately scaled asymptotic growth rate of a far reaching generalization of Cover's universal portfolio based on controlled paths coincides with that of the best retrospectively chosen portfolio within this class. We provide several novel results concerning rough integration, and highlight the advantages of the rough path approach by showing that (nonfunctionally generated) log-optimal portfolios in an ergodic Itô diffusion setting have the same asymptotic growth rate as Cover's universal portfolio and the best retrospectively chosen one.     

Crypto quanto and inverse options

Over 90% of exchange trading on crypto options has always been on the Deribit platform. This centralized crypto exchange only lists inverse products because they do not accept fiat currency. Likewise, other major crypto options platforms only list crypto–stablecoin trading pairs in so-called direct options, which are similar to the standard crypto options listed by the CME except the US dollar is replaced by a stablecoin version. Until now a clear mathematical exposition of these products has been lacking. We discuss the sources of market incompleteness in direct and inverse options and compare their pricing and hedging characteristics. Then we discuss the useful applications of currency protected “quanto” direct and inverse options for fiat-based traders and describe their pricing and hedging characteristics, all in the Black–Scholes setting.     

农村产权抵押物变现的现实困境与破解对策

农村产权抵押融资是盘活农村“沉睡资产”的重要渠道,也是增加农民财产收入的重要途径,而产权抵押物变现难是目前制约我国农村产权抵押融资健康发展的主要因素之一。由于我国农村产权流转存在刚性制度约束、农村产权的有效市场需求和流动性不足及其确权成本高且操作难,导致农村产权抵押物的收储与管理难、价值发现难、价值评估难和价值变现难。应完善农村产权抵押物变现的法律支撑体系,优化政府主导的宏观调控机制,构建包括资产管理中心、信息中心、交易中心、价值评估中心的农村产权交易市场体系,并完善农村产权确权颁证制度和农村社会保障制度等相关配套措施,以有效破解农村产权抵押物变现难困境,推动农村产权抵押融资发展。     

市场培育视角下科技协同创新模式的构建与完善

科技创新是创新驱动发展战略的核心,创新驱动发展战略的实施需要先进的科技创新模式支撑。由于目前我国科技创新市场发育还不完善,科技创新成果转化率、原创性以及经济增长效应均较低,尤其是现有科技创新模式忽视创新成果的原创性及转化率,且与国家发展战略的契合度不高,有效科技创新不足成为制约创新驱动发展战略实施的主要因素之一。从科技市场培育角度来看,应基于创新驱动发展战略理念,构建以企业、高校和科研院所、政府为主体的科技协同创新模式,转变创新主体观念和行为,完善创新成果交易市场,强化创新人才培养和管理,为创新驱动发展战略的顺利实施提供充分有力的科技创新支撑。     

Corporate Lobbying and Firm Performance

Corporate lobbying activities are designed to influence legislators, regulators and courts, presumably to encourage favorable policies and/or outcomes. In dollar terms, corporate lobbying expenditures are typically one or even two orders of magnitude larger than spending by Political Action Committees (PAC), and, unlike PAC donations, lobbying amounts are direct corporate expenditures. We use data made available by the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 to examine this more pervasive form of corporate political activity. We find that, on average, lobbying is positively related to accounting and market measures of financial performance. These results are robust across a number of empirical specifications. We also report market performance evidence using a portfolio approach. We find that portfolios of firms with the highest lobbying intensities significantly outperform their benchmarks in the three years following portfolio formation.