禽类肉制品的快速检验

本文详述了禽类产品的快速检验,有利于动物检疫人员在工作中有效地加以利用,更好地做好动物产品检验工作。     

National and Regional Household Demand for Meat, Poultry and Seafood: A Complete Systems Approach

Brown and Heien's S₁-branch system was employed to investigate national and regional demand patterns for meat, poultry, and seafood in the United States. Meal, poultry, and seafood purchases were very sensitive to own-price changes, changes in total expenditure, and changes in household size, and were less sensitive to cross-price changes, regional differences, and differences in degree of urbanization. The estimates of parameters and elasticities in the S₁-branch system were reasonable on a priori grounds, the goodness-of-fit was exceptional, and, using independent samples, the predictive performance of the demand system was particularly notable.
Le système à branches de type S₁ de Brown et Helen a été employe dans le but d'étudier les types de demandes au niveau national et regional en ce qui concerne la viande. la volaille et les fruits de mer aux Etats- Unis. Les achats de viande, de volaille et de fruits de mer etaieni tres sensibles à des changements de leurspropresprix, à des changements des dépenses totales ainsi qu 'à des variations de la taille des menages. Ils étaieni moins sensibles aux changements des prix croisés, aux differences regionales et aux differences du degré d'urbanisation. Les estimations des paramètres et des élasticités dans le système à branches du type S₁étaieni a priori raisonnable, la qualitéétait exceptionnelle et en utilisant des échantillons indépendants, la performance prophétique du système de demande était particulièrement notable.     

中国动物福利与肉品安全若干法律问题

当前,我国动物福利保护和肉品安全问题受到了越来越多的关注,因为这不仅关系到人们的生活环境和饮食健康,也体现了一个国家的文明程度和管理水平。本文首先对动物福利的基本概况作了简要介绍,并指出了我国肉品行政监管工作中存在的不足,通过借鉴国外的成功经验,对我国的动物福利保护和肉品安全保障提出了针对性建议。     

Determinants of Exports in China’s Meat Industry: A Gravity Model Analysis

ABSTRACT

What are the major determinants of China’s meat exports flows? In addressing this question, we propose a commodity-specific gravity model. This study has employed a unique dataset of 20 years (1997–2016) for China’s pork exports flows to its 31 regular trading partners to estimate the commodity-specific gravity model. The PPML and Heckman selection models are simultaneously estimated to confirm the robustness of the findings. The results reveal that GDP, exchange rate, common language, and country land area are the significant factors affecting the Chinese pork exports flows. Moreover, China’s WTO membership, the ‘Belt & Road’ Initiative, and the common borders have a positive significant impact on its exports of pork.     

Mergers and Acquisitions and Productivity in the U.S. Meat Products Industries: Evidence from the Micro Data

This article investigates the motives for mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the U.S. meat products industry from 1977 to 1992. Results show that acquired meat and poultry plants were very productive before mergers, and that all but the very largest meat slaughter and processing plants and all but the bottom 20% of the poultry slaughter and processing plants significantly improved their productivity growth in their postmerger periods. These results lead to the conclusion that synergies and related efficiencies are important motives for M&As.     

One Man's Meat … 2050? Ruminations on Future Meat Demand in the Context of Global Warming

This Address considers a range of issues relating to the contribution of meat consumption and livestock production to global warming, given the need highlighted by the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) to reduce global GHG emissions by over 50% by 2050. The IPCC Climate Change 2014 report recognised that demand oriented measures may also contribute to GHG mitigation. The paper reviews a number of studies which examine demand‐led mitigation potentials, and concludes that such estimates ignore the market effects of changes in meat consumption habits or demand oriented policies. A simple partial equilibrium model of beef, poultry, pig and ovine meats is developed for the major regions of the world to explore the impact of a range of scenarios which might reduce meat consumption and GHG emissions. These include emissions taxation, long‐term trends in reduction of red meat consumption in developed economy regions, and supply side improvements in livestock emissions intensities. The paper discusses problems associated with many published demand elasticities suitable for incorporation into a market model, problems of selection from widely varying published estimates and their appropriateness for longer‐run projections. The dearth of published supply elasticity estimates is also highlighted. The modelling concludes that economic and population growth to 2050 without any mitigation measures will lead to a 21% increase in per capita meat consumption and a 63% increase in total consumption and GHG emissions by 2050. However, the mitigation projections from the scenarios explored only generate a 14% reduction in cumulative emissions from the baseline 2050 projections, insufficient to meet the CCC target.     

Got milk? The impact of Heifer International’s livestock donation programs in Rwanda on nutritional outcomes

International animal donation programs have become an increasingly popular way for people living in developed countries to transfer resources to families living in developing countries. We evaluate the impact of Heifer International’s dairy cow and meat goat donation programs in Rwanda. We find that the program substantially increases dairy and meat consumption among Rwandan households who were given a dairy cow or a meat goat, respectively. We also find marginally statistically significant increases in weight-for-height z-scores and weight-for-age z-scores of about 0.4 standard deviations among children aged 0–5 years in households that were recipients of meat goats, and increases in height-for-age z-scores of about 0.5 standard deviations among children in households that received dairy cows. Our results suggest that increasing livestock ownership in developing countries may significantly increase consumption of nutrient dense animal-source foods and improve nutrition outcomes.     

基于多层规划法的冷鲜肉供应链利益分配模型研究

合作利益的分配问题是影响冷鲜肉供应链企业合作关系的主要因素之一。论文对毋养殖场、加工企业和超市组成的冷鲜肉供应链中的企业合作利益分配问题进行了研究。采用多层规划法建立了以加工企业为核心的冷鲜肉供应链利益分配模型。