Principles and Applications of Multilevel Modeling in Human Resource Management Research

Multilevel modeling is important for human resource management (HRM) research in that it often analyzes and interprets hierarchal data residing at more than one level of analysis. However, HRM research in general lags behind other disciplines, such as education, health, marketing, and psychology in the use of a multilevel analytical strategy. This article integrates the most recent literature into the theoretical and applied basics of multilevel modeling applicable to HRM research. A range of multilevel modeling issues have been discussed and they include statistical logic underpinning multilevel modeling, level conceptualization of variables, data aggregation, hypothesis tests, reporting mediation paths, and cross‐level interactions. An empirical example concerning complex cross‐level mediated moderation is presented that will suffice to illustrate the principles and the procedures for implementing a multilevel analytical strategy in HRM research. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于人力资源和社会保障部门的干部胜任力评价实证研究

随着人力资源和社会保障行业的快速发展,社会对于人力资源和社会保障部门的干部素质与能力提出了越来越高的要求。因此有必要参照公务员能力标准框架,结合人力资源和社会保障部门的岗位职责,构建出干部胜任力指标评价体系。调查数据显示 X 市人力资源和社会保障部门的干部胜任力状况较好,但是依然存在着几方面问题亟待改善。     

Stereotypical or just typical: how do US practitioners view the role and function of gender stereotypes in advertisements?

There is a long and diverse literature on gender stereotypes in advertising; however, US practitioners’ perspectives on the role and function of stereotypes in advertising remain unknown. Understanding professionals’ views on whether and how stereotypes communicate is important for anyone who believes it beneficial to reduce future stereotypical representations. Using qualitative interviews with 42 practitioners, this study detailed seven themes concerning professionals’ perceptions of the role and function of stereotypes in advertising, including beliefs that stereotypes are based in truth, are attractive to audiences, communicate quickly, simplify processing, prevent distraction, prevent thinking, and are the obvious solution. Practitioners felt stereotypes were used most appropriately when they were subverted or challenged in advertising messages. Stereotypes were most inappropriate when they reinforced negative perceptions. Four factors believed to drive the use of stereotypes in advertising are discussed.     

Seeing through a Glass Onion: broadening and deepening formative research in social marketing through a mixed methods approach

ABSTRACT

The purpose of formative research in social marketing is to understand the target audience to generate consumer insight, which informs the planning, development and initial implementation of social marketing programmes. Focus groups, interviews or surveys, all of which are self-report methods, are the most commonly reported methods employed in formative research. Reliance on a relatively narrow range of methods may constrain understanding and insight gained during formative research. This paper challenges social marketers to mix methods or use multiple methods and research perspectives to generate a broader understanding of the consumer and the context in which they behave. A case study is used to demonstrate how mixed methods were used in a formative research study to inform the development of a social marketing programme designed to change eating behaviour. Challenges of mixed methods are detailed along with recommendations for future research.     

旅游管理专业产学研合作教育的研究与实践——以莆田学院旅游管理专业为个案研究

国家教育部在对高等教育本科教学人才培养水平评估标准中,把＂产学研＂结合列为重要的评估指标。为优化旅游管理专业的人才培养模式,顺利接受教育部本科教学人才培养水平评估,文章结合莆田学院旅游管理专业产学研合作教育的实际情况,剖析产学研合作教育存在的问题,提出完善产学研合作教育的几点建议。     

Cooperation vs. competition in R&D: The role of stability of equilibrium

We consider a model in which firms first choose process R&D expenditures and then compete in an output market. We show the symmetric equilibrium under R&D competition is sometimes unstable, in which case two asymmetric equilibria must also exist. For the latter, we find, in contrast to the literature that total profits are sometimes higher with R&D competition than with research joint venture cartelization (due to the cost asymmetry of the resulting duopoly in the noncooperative case). Furthermore, these equilibria provide another instance of R&D-induced firm heterogeneity.     

Cross‐cultural tourist behaviour: a replication and extension involving Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension

Hofstede's five cross‐cultural dimensions have been broadly applied in the literature. Money and Crotts recently applied the dimension of uncertainty avoidance to a matched sample comprised of low uncertainty avoidance German and high uncertainty avoidance Japanese tourists, finding their behaviours consistent with those behaviours predicted by Hofstede. This study both replicates and extends their research across a representative sample of first time leisure visitors to the USA representing 58 nations. It was found that visitors from high uncertainty avoidance cultures exhibited behaviours consistent with those of the Japanese in the Money and Crotts research, whereas visitors from low‐uncertainty avoidance cultures behaved similarly to their German subjects. Such findings, across a broad sample population, validate the original research through a more rigorous test of its propositions, provide increased confidence regarding their generalisability, and further contribute to our understanding of the influence of national culture on tourist behaviour. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

产学研相结合--新时期我国企业科技创新持续发展途径

本文列举了我国企业与高校、科研院所的科技力量分布不平衡的情况;介绍了科学研究的两种模式,产学研相结合开展技术创新,就是对这两种模式的具体运用,并深入分析了企业-高校-科研院所产学研相结合持续发展的作用机制、产学研相结合的三种形式;提出了社会各界对产学研相结合的持续发展应给予的政策支持。     

石油套管现状及其可靠性研究方向

在收集、查阅大量国内外有关套管的文献资料的基础上,结合我国生产实际和研究现状,综合分析了国内外在套管设计、生产和现场使用中存在的导致管损坏的原因、主要失效形式等问题。结合我国的套管设计及使用的具体情况,提出了进一步开展套管研究的几个方向。