浅析知识产权保护中混合策略纳什均衡模型的应用

知识产权保护不但受制于立法的完善和执法的力度,而且取决于自觉维权的意识和守法的环境。我国企业和科研机构知识产权保护意识薄弱,缺乏维护自身合法权益的能力,尊重他人知识产权的观念尚未形成社会主流。本文运用博弈论方法,分析了一个知识产权保护博弈案例中的混合策略纳什均衡解,得出从增加知识产权主体自觉维权意识和加大侵权者成本两方面实现知识产权有效保护的结论。     

中国保险市场结构与政府监管的动态均衡研究

中国保险市场发展30年间,保险市场结构经历了从完全垄断到寡头垄断再向垄断竞争的变迁,政府监管政策也随之不断调整。在这三个阶段中,保险市场结构与政府监管政策在相互匹配上总是一个均衡-非均衡-均衡不断循环的过程,其错配的根源主要有政府监管政策供给存在偏好以及中国保监会定位模糊等。因此,要在新形势下两者实现新的均衡,需在监管目标、主体和内容方面进行适当调整。     

金融危机背景下我国金融业混业经营的探讨

随着经济全球化的不断推进,金融业的混业经营已成为国际金融业发展的主导趋向,这对于国情特殊的社会主义中国来说也不例外,混业经营同样是我国金融业发展的必然趋势。伴随着经济条件和金融经营模式的改变,特别是金融危机的影响,对金融业混业经营的风险管理方式及其理论研究也在不断演进。有必要就中国金融混业经营进行可行性和必要性分析,探讨制约混业经营进程的因素,对更好地推进我国金融业的混业经营提出建议。     

深刻领会“三中全会”精神 对接煤炭企业发展改革实践

指出,应牢牢把握十八届三中全会的精神实质,坚持从宏观到微观、从直接到间接对接煤炭企业,创新发展思路。认为,要理解市场在资源配置中起＂决定性＂作用,创新市场战略;要理解取消国有企业行政级别,创建新型用人机制;要理解大力发展混合所有制经济,构建规范的现代企业制度;要理解逐步增加国有企业利润上缴比例,抓好企业经营;要理解实行资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度,认真履行企业社会责任。     

Sustainability perspectives on Oulanka National Park,Finland: mixed methods in tourism research

This paper positions mixed methods as a complement to traditional qualitative and quantitative research. It provides an example of conducting mixed methods research by analysing the sociocultural sustainability of tourism as perceived by local stakeholders nearby Oulanka National Park in north-eastern Finland. Semi-structured interviews were linked concurrently to survey data from the same respondents. First, four discourses were identified based on 40 interviews with respondents about tourism development pertinent to the Protected Area Network (PAN) Parks international certification. Second, the differences between the representatives of the discourses were examined using non-parametric statistics. Results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis supplemented each other. The survey results supported the identification of four discourses and provided information about the representatives using the discourses. The discourse groups differed according to length of residence in the area, distance from the park, gender, employment in tourism, familiarity with PAN Parks, benefit from PAN Parks status, belief in the benefits of PAN Parks, satisfaction with tourism and park development, importance of the environmental dimension and satisfaction with various dimensions of sustainability. The study demonstrates that a better understanding of a problem may be acquired by using a mix of survey methods and interviews.     

“I recycle,I turn out the lights”: understanding the everyday sustainability practices of backpackers

As holidays merge more intimately with the everyday lives of an increasing number of people, questions of sustainability in tourism contexts become ever more urgent. Using the concept of everyday practices, in which sustainability is thought to emerge in the routines of people going about their day-to-day lives, this mixed-method study aimed to understand how sustainability figures in the practices, of backpackers. Findings revealed sustainability to be of minimal concern to most backpackers who nevertheless performed a range of sustainable practices but unintentionally. Environmental sustainability was practised via reduced resource consumption and waste, economic sustainability by working and spending more money overall than other tourist types, and social sustainability through demonstrating cultural respect and community participation. The main factors encouraging sustainable practices amongst backpackers were their low-budget focus and their use as a labour source by industries that require temporary and flexible workers. When backpackers were employed, each facet of sustainability became mutually reinforcing. The results of this study are in contrast to usual perceptions of tourism as a time in which norms of sustainable behaviour are suspended, as backpacking was found to provide opportunities for the performance of more sustainable practices compared to home.     

Compound mixed Poisson distributions I

The concept of compound mixed Poisson distributions in actuarial science is used to represent such variables as the total amount of claims or losses payable by an insurer. In this paper, comprehensive collections of approximate forms are derived for the compound mixed Poisson distribution. The calculations involve use of several special functions and their properties. We believe that the results will serve as an important reference in actuarial science.     

Does player specialization predict player actions? Evidence from penalty kicks at FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro Cup

Penalty kicks are analysed in the literature as ‘real life experiments’ for assessing the use of rational mixed strategies by professional players. However, each penalty kick cannot be considered a repetition of the same event because of the varying background conditions, in particular the heterogeneous ability of different players. Consequently, aggregate statistics over data sets composed of a large number of penalty kicks mediate the behaviour of the players in different games, and the properties of optimal mixed strategies cannot be tested directly because of aggregation bias. In this article, we model the heterogeneous ability of players. We then test the hypothesis that differently talented players randomize over different actions. To achieve this aim, we study a data set that collects penalties kicked during shoot-out series in the last editions of FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro Cup (1994–2012) where kickers are categorized as specialists and non-specialists. The results support our theoretical predictions.     

A Case Study on the Dual Effect of External Support and Implications on Small Business Growth,Entrepreneurial Creativity and Performance

ABSTRACT

Using a case study approach, this article investigates a Small Plastic Manufacturing Firm (SPMF) and Entrepreneur in Nigeria. The firm represents an example of a firm that has received external support. Very few firms are able to acquire adequate SME grants in Nigeria. Findings from the study revealed that most Small Plastic Manufacturing Entrepreneurs in Nigeria constrained by certain external and internal factors ironically, seem to be challenged to invent original strategies on their own, to cope, survive and to remain in business. Lack of financial capital, especially foreign exchange needed to import vital operating inputs from abroad has been the most serious constraint. Other serious external constraints identified are inadequate infrastructure facilities, competition from large firms, unfavorable government policies, dearth of machines and spare parts and paucity of raw materials. Internal obstacles like incompetent planning, poor organizational skills, and limited knowledge, among others, are common obstacles faced by most Nigerian entrepreneurs. It is also discovered that, in Nigeria, funding assis tance to entrepreneurs by relevant institutions concerned are not based on merit but rather biased on the basis of favoritism.