德国金融混业经营及其监管

德国金融制度最大的特点就是一直坚持混业经营制度,而其能够坚持混业经营制度的重要原因在于具备一套高效且适合金融业发展规律的监管制度。德国的金融监管系统,是一个法律和法规相当完备、自我监管和社会监管和政府监管相结合、法律裁决作为终审判决的有机整体;完备的监管体系使其能从容面对各种困难和危机。德国金融业的混业经营特点以及严格的监管体系使其稳步发展,即使在全球发生金融危机时也保持了相对的稳定。     

Temporary Bottlenecks,Hydropower and Acquisitions*

We apply a model with four markets, two regions and two time periods, to study the effects of an acquisition in a hydropower system with temporary bottlenecks. The effect on welfare is found to be ambiguous. In some instances an acquisition leads to larger differences in prices between markets, which gives rise to an increase in deadweight loss. In other instances it leads to a reduction in price differences between markets, particularly if the dominant firm acquires a firm which was active in the market where the dominant firm used to dump its production before the acquisition.     

PRICE DISCRIMINATION: A SURVEY OF THE THEORY

Abstract. The purpose of this survey is twofold. First, it introduces the reader to recent developments in the theory of price discrimination. Simultaneously, the exposition aims at being self-contained and accessible to the non-specialist reader. The paper is structured around Pigou's distinction between perfect, second-degree and third-degree price discrimination.     

Lattices of capacities,and related topologies1

Capacities are defined as set functions with regularity properties in terms of two general families K and G of ‘inner’ and ‘outer’ sets (K = compact sets, G= open sets in the standard case). The space C of all such capacities is a complete lattice with respect to its natural partial order. The lattice structure of C is studied in combination with the natural topology of C. Also some subspaces are investigated.     

Sample-selection procedures for estimating the relationship between concentration and profitability from cross-industry data

Aggregation of homogeneous product markets into industry classifications or disequilibrium in terms of differences between expected and actual market shares can lead to bias in the estimated relationship between concentration and profitability from regressions using cross-industry data. The relationship between concentration and profitability over the period from 1965 to 1980 is estimated for various samples of Canadian manufacturing industries. Regressions for the full sample of industries lead to rejection of the hypotheses from either structure-conduct-performance (structuralist) analysis or a model of oligopolistic equilibrium. However, regressions for subsamples of industries selected to remove industries subject to aggregation provide results consistent with the structuralist hypothesis, while regressions for industries selected to remove industries subject to both aggregation and disequilibrium provide results consistent with the oligopolistic equilibrium hypothesis.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1990 Meetings of the Canadian Economics Association. Helpful comments from Jeff Church, Steve Davies, Simon Domberger, Ben Heijdra, Dave Sapsford, Pam Weidler and participants at the meetings are gratefully acknowledged. Useful suggestions were also received from an anonymous referee of this journal.     

论混合经济

本文认为,党的十六届三中全会《决定》主要强调的是各种资本的混合,而非只是所有制的混合;同时还认为混合所有制经济是社会主义所有制的基本形式并对股份制以新的定性。     

财政视角下的教育多元化研究

改革开放以来,中国财政对教育投入发展迅猛,学生规模、师资、设备等各类教育指标都有历史性的突破。但是,“上学难、上学贵“等问题仍然突出,广大民众对教育仍有较大意见。从财政学角度看,这些问题的实质在于:中国目前的教育供给体制与教育的混合产品性质不相适应。要解决这一矛盾,必须坚持教育的多元化发展道路,进一步深化教育体制改革,构建多元化的教育体系,办人民满意的教育。     

Corporate Political Activities and Oligopoly Welfare Loss

Businesses participate in political activities, suchas campaign contributions and lobbying, to influencepublic policy formulation and implementation. Usinga sample of U.S. food manufacturing industries, thisstudy measures the welfare impact of corporatepolitical activities in those industries. Empiricalanalysis shows that rent seeking was imperfect andcorporate political activities were higher in thoseindustries that were highly concentrated, large inemployee size and sales, and deeper in debt.     

A New Look at the Longitudinal Relationship Between Motor Carrier Financial Performance and Safety

Motor carrier safety impacts the well‐being of the traveling public and the economic well‐being of the shippers who entrust motor carriers with safely transporting freight. Shippers are affected by motor carrier safety due to accidents damaging their cargo and disrupting their customers’ operations. One characteristic frequently theorized to predict motor carrier safety is motor carriers financial performance. However, the literature offers mixed evidence linking motor carrier financial performance to safety. This does not help practitioners or policy makers and necessitates research to resolve these inconsistent findings, which we undertake in this research. We extend previous work by developing a theoretical framework based on strain theory to explain why both absolute (static) financial performance and year‐to‐year change in financial performance should uniquely affect carrier safety. We test our hypotheses by fitting mixed‐effects models to a repeated‐measure, longitudinal database of publically traded motor carrier financial performance and safety measures. Results indicate that financial performance measures uniquely affect carrier safety. These findings attempt to resolve the inconsistencies in the past literature and, carry important implications for researchers studying motor carrier safety, motor carrier managers, shippers, and policy makers.     

新时期大力发展混合所有制经济的难点及对策建议

大力发展混合所有制经济不仅有利于盘活国有资产、深化国企改革,而且对于打破行业垄断,实现各种所有制经济成分的优势互补和双赢。随着中国经济迅速发展,然而却出现了国有企业和民营企业对发展混合所有制经济均存在顾虑,国有企业管理的行政化、公有制经济和非公有制经济地位上的不平,资本市场不完善等诸多问题,制约了混合所有制经济的发展。加快国有经济战略调整步伐,深化改革,营造良好的市场环境,支持非公有制经济的发展,进一步健全资本市场,对混合所有制发展具有重要意义,加快促进中国经济实现可持续增长。