Entry decision of a vertically integrated foreign firm with downstream subsidization and upstream privatization

This study considers a vertical structure model in which an upstream state-owned enterprise (SOE) and a downstream domestic firm compete with a vertically integrated foreign firm (VIFF). We consider the cost-inefficiency of the SOE and examine the entry decisions of a VIFF under downstream subsidization. We find that without upstream privatization, the VIFF's entry decision might not be socially desirable unless it enters both markets and the cost inefficiency is intermediate. Additionally, a policy to reduce the cost inefficiency might cause a drastic welfare increase or loss when the VIFF changes its entry decision. We then examine upstream privatization and show that a substantial improvement in cost efficiency can increase welfare with privatization. When the SOE maximizes welfare, however, lesser (greater) cost efficiency improvement is necessary to increase welfare with privatization if the ex-ante cost inefficiency is high (low).     

Reframing fundraising research: The challenges and opportunities of interpretivist research practices and practitioner researchers in fundraising studies

This paper examines interpretivism as an approach for researching fundraising practice as context and practice specific. In doing so, it highlights the agency of fundraisers and extends critical analysis of fundraising practice and its broader implications in ways that the dominant positivistic, functionalist literature does not. Building on previous comparisons of positivist and interpretivist approaches, we consider two fundraising studies, and benefits and challenges of using an interpretivist approach. These observations highlight both the complexity and messiness of interpretivist studies, and of the fundraising process. The paper concludes by discussing how these challenges can be managed through analytical iteration, adjustment, and pragmatism throughout the research process; while advocating for including more critical and dialectic approaches to research fundraising and fundraisers' broader practice.     

补贴策略在网络零售平台竞争中真的有效吗？——基于寡头竞争模型的理论与实证研究

文章基于双边市场理论与经典寡占模型，在推导出网络零售平台竞争静态结果的基础上，结合数值模拟方法推导出长期动态最优补贴率的选择，研究补贴策略在网络零售平台竞争中的应用。数理模型推导发现：(1)从短期看，为了在激烈的竞争中“活下去”，网络零售平台通过补贴获得更多用户和更高的市场份额，且消费者价格敏感度越大，补贴率的增加对用户数量增长的促进作用越大；(2)从动态和长期看，为实现可持续运营，最优补贴力度将随时间变化而呈倒U形变动趋势--即初始阶段逐步提高补贴力度，过了某个时段后将逐渐平缓降低补贴力度。文章选取中国三个主要网络零售平台上市财报数据进行经验分析，证实了数理模型推导出的主要结论。文章回答了网络零售平台是否应采取补贴策略、补贴力度的确定以及补贴力度如何随时间而变化等基本问题，对理解网络零售平台补贴策略的基本逻辑，对优化网络零售平台治理，均有重要的借鉴价值。     

How to eliminate the uncovered market: A duopoly model with government intervention

To eliminate poverty, government intervention is critical for addressing uncovered markets. To assess how this can be done effectively, this study constructs a two-firm model with government intervention. The study focuses on the preconditions, methods, and effects of different government intervention strategies. There are three main findings. (1) When consumer income levels fall below a certain threshold, an uncovered market segment is created, and government intervention should be introduced. (2) Government intervention strategies can be divided into subsidy-type, production-type and mixed-type, and each type achieves a different level of consumer surplus. Given a level of consumer surplus, the optimal strategy is affected by production costs. (3) For production-type and mixed-type intervention strategies, when the market is covered, lower intervention costs can achieve higher consumer surplus if government production costs are low. Furthermore, the optimal subsidy-type intervention strategy varies with the changes in product quality if relaxing the precondition of market coverage.     

What role should public firms play in the upstream market?

We investigate the upstream public firm's desirable option of production timing in the vertically related upstream market. We find that multiple equilibria may exist, including the Cournot-type and Stackelberg-type, with different degrees of privatization in the presence of upstream firms' efficiency gap. These equilibrium outcomes are also influenced by the intensity of downstream market competition. We further show the corresponding optimal degree of privatization in different phases of gradual privatization.     

“Love for variety,” outside option and extensive margin of demand

The paper models a uniform-price Bertrand-price-competition in a differentiated product oligopoly market, where the buyers' preference shows “love for variety.” The buyers differ from each other in their valuation of the differentiated product with a common outside option available to all. The model endogenously determines both the extensive and intensive margin of demand and the equilibrium number of varieties in the differentiated product market. It shows that in such a framework complementarity exists at the extensive margin of demand even in the presence of demand substitutability between the varieties. The results apply to the competition between brick and mortar shops and malls.     

页岩气液化工艺操作成本估算

针对我国页岩气开采中存在的问题，提出对页岩气就近进行LNG液化更具经济灵活性，并以四川威远的威204井开采出的页岩气的液化为例进行液化工艺操作成本估算。使用化工流程模拟HYSYS软件对流程进行工艺模拟，并利用Matlab软件以混合制冷循环部分的操作能耗最低为目标对混合制冷剂的配比进行了多参数优化，得到较优的混合制冷剂配比。在该优化配比下，对操作成本进行分析，总结出适用于操作成本估算的公式，为国内发展页岩气产业提供参考。     

混合所有制改革如何影响企业创新？研究述评及未来展望

混合所有制改革是国企改革的重要内容和关键突破口,也是支持民营企业发展的重要措施.但是,混合所有制改革如何影响国有和民营企业创新仍不清楚.另外,现阶段混改仍存在"混而不改""混而不合""动力不足"等关键问题,提高国企经营和治理效率的主要改革目标还未实现.因此,在全面深化改革的关键时期,通过系统梳理现有研究,厘清混改对企业创新的影响机制和结果,进而指出现有研究的短板及未来方向,既有助于理解和指导混合所有制改革的管理实践,也有助于丰富混改及创新研究的相关理论.另外,结合Citespace、Vosviewer等3种计量可视化工具的分析结果,本文构建了以"影响因素-实施过程-治理效果"为主线的混合所有制改革研究框架,并进一步评述了框架中每个部分的研究现状及不足,旨在推动混合所有制改革研究的进一步发展.     

MSP430用于专业遥控器的硬件设计

用于智能楼宇的专业遥控器的设计要求既有特色又要出色。以TI公司的MSP430混合信号处理器为主MCU，以160X160点阵液晶触摸屏为人机对话部件，辅以其它高性能外围元器件构筑成其硬件电路。充分利用MSP430的超低功耗特性和丰富的片内资源以及极高的运算／控制性能，通过软件编程实现了电池供电的高性价比专业遥控器：具有自学习和用户重定义重编辑菜单及图标功能，具有游戏功能。具有既万能又专业的双重特点。