Climbing Monsters: Excess and Restraint in Contemporary Rock Climbing

Abstract

The tension in rock climbing between technical aspects of performance that do not involve risk, and preparedness to put oneself in considerable and even life‐threatening danger, is explored through an analysis of extreme gritstone climbing in the late 1990s recorded in a successful ‘cult’ film Hard Grit. The film dramatises self‐imposed danger, and connects it to the history and myths of gritstone climbing, an emphasis best seen as a specific moment in the oscillation in climbing between the technical dimension (or bodily techne) and ‘bottle’ (spiritedness or thumos), but it has wider implications. The theoretical background is the Weberian theme of rationalisation qualified, however, by the social and cultural significance of imprudence, irresponsibility and deliberate transgression throughout the modern period. As late modernity reveals new consequences for societies and cultures beyond the reach of either comprehensive reason in a classical sense or a self‐imposed rational order along Enlightenment lines, the play of techne and thumos becomes potentially unlimited and thus monstrous. How, then, should climbers and their very loosely organised, minority pursuit, govern themselves? How can climbing remain authentic, true to itself? After an exploration of some theoretical aspects, the essay concludes more practically by proposing that two features of everyday rock climbing operate as ethical sources: confidence in sound judgment by the imagined future community of climbers; and a ‘phenomenological’ turn to the natural and sensory preconditions of climbing. These sources cannot, however, fully govern climbing culture but operate only in tension with fundamentally unruly impulses and drives.     

薪酬分配公平与OCB之间关系的作用研究——价值认同的调节作用

薪酬管理的公平始于对组织分配公平的研究,文章具体考察了薪酬分配公平分别对于指向个体的与指向组织的公民行为的影响作用,并从价值观契合的理论视角解释了员工对组织的价值认同对其组织公民行为所产生的影响,并在此基础上进一步构建了价值认同对薪酬分配公平感与组织公民行为之间关系的调节效应模型。本研究的结果表明,薪酬分配公平与组织公民行为(包括指向个体的与指向组织的)都具有显著的正相关关系,而且员工个体对组织的价值认同能够负向调节这二者之间的关系,降低由于薪酬分配不公平所导致的组织公民行为投入减少的负面效果。依据研究结果,指出未来的薪酬管理实践可以通过改善员工对组织价值观的认同状态,以使组织得到期望的产出。     

Student employment and academic performance: an empirical exploration of the primary orientation theory

This study empirically assesses the thesis that student employment only hurts academic performance for students with a primary orientation towards work (versus school). To this end, we analyse unique data on tertiary education students’ intensity of and motivation for student employment by means of a state-of-the art moderation model. We find, indeed, only a negative association between hours of student work and the percentage of courses passed for work-oriented students. This finding may explain the contradictory results in the literature neglecting this factor.     

A Primer on Moderated Mediation Analysis: Exploring Logistics Involvement in New Product Development

Theorizing and empirically testing moderated mediation hypotheses allows logistics and supply chain management (L&SCM) scholars to extend the boundaries of our current understanding by examining how, when, and why relationships arise between constructs central to our theories. However, while moderated mediation analyses can enrich theory in L&SCM, they are few in number, likely due to the complexities associated with their execution. In this article, we provide a didactic treatment for executing moderated mediation analysis. We do so using primary data regarding logistics involvement in new product development. In the hopes of spurring greater application of moderated mediation in L&SCM, we devise a series of recommendations that guide scholars through the process of conducting such analyses. These recommendations extend prior treatments by explaining how to address challenges associated with devising theories to undergird moderated mediation hypotheses, measuring constructs using multiple indicators, providing guidance for detecting influential cases that can unduly affect results, and integrating what results should be reported.     

The great moderation in micro labor earnings

Between 1980 and the early 1990s the variability of labor earnings growth rates across the prime-age working population fell significantly. This decline and timing are consistent with other macro and micro observations about growth variability that are collectively referred to as the “Great Moderation.” The variability of earnings growth is negatively correlated with age at any point in time, and the U.S. working age population got older during this period because the Baby Boom was aging. However, the decrease in variability was roughly uniform across all age groups, so population aging is not the source of the overall decline. The variance of log changes also declined at multi-year frequencies in such a way as to suggest that both permanent and transitory components of earnings shocks became more moderate. A simple identification strategy for separating age and cohort effects shows a very intuitive pattern of permanent and transitory shocks over the life cycle, and confirms that a shift over time in the stochastic process occurred even after controlling for age effects.     

我国能源结构、相关指标与经济增长的关联度

能源是经济增长的核心动力之一,而能源结构是否合理则是经济能否持续增长的基本标志。从能源的生产结构入手,选择了影响能源生产结构适度性的相关指标,对能源结构生产结构中诸要素的变化情况与GDP的增长率进行的比较研究表明,我国能源生产结构适度性较低,应从能源生产总量、能源生产弹性、单位GDP能源生产增长量等方面加以调整。     

居民收入与经济发展的适度性协调增长测算——以北京市城镇居民为例

立足于国家和北京市"十二五"规划中"实现城乡居民收入与GDP同步增长"的要求,分析此问题的现实可行性,并根据居民收入与经济发展关系的理论研究,"同步增长"的概念可明确定义为"适度性协调增长",进而提出三条评判标准。采用统计模型以北京市城镇居民情况为例,从宏观、微观的角度,实证研究城镇居民收入与经济发展的协调度。相关结论为解决"十二五"期间收入分配与经济发展之间的现实冲突提供了有效的理论解释。     

The role of moderating variables on music festival volunteer management

The growth and popularity of festivals and events has led to a need for examination of volunteer program management. An increase in music festivals in the United States in the last decade has resulted in managers recruiting and managing volunteers to operate music festivals. This research examines relationships between moderating variables and factors of self-image congruency, motivation, satisfaction, and intent to return as a volunteer at Austin City Limits, a large-scale music festival in the United States. This research demonstrates the benefit of incorporating self-concept theory in volunteer, event, and tourism research and provides practical implications for practitioners who manage volunteer programs.     

房地产调控政策真的有效吗？--调控政策对预期与房价关系的调节效应研究

为防止房地产市场的过度泡沫化,国家出台了一系列房地产调控政策。但这些调控政策能否有效降低房价并抑制房地产泡沫呢？以往房地产泡沫的研究表明,投资者预期对房地产价格波动和房地产泡沫的影响极为重要。经典的噪声交易模型也指出,噪声交易者预期是房地产价格波动和房地产泡沫形成的重要因素。在系统回顾文献的基础上,文章分析了噪声交易者预期对于房地产价格泡沫的影响,并剖析了房地产调控政策对噪声预期和房价关系的调节作用,从而构建了相应的调节作用模型。在此基础上,使用35个大中城市2002-2011年的实际数据进行了调节作用模型的实证检验。实证结果显示,近年来国家出台的房地产调控政策在抑制房地产价格异常波动和房地产泡沫问题上收效甚微。     

中庸思想与规模经济的适度性研究

本文通过东西方思想中中庸的有关哲理,结合我国企业目前的具体发展实际分析了我国规模经济的发展状况,笔者认为目前我国企业存在的主要问题是还没有取得规模经济的效益,因此当前的主要任务是大力发展企业的规模化程度,但同时要注意的一个问题是在实现规模经济的过程中,同样也要防止由于企业规模过大而导致的规模不经济。